Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24604162›Full record

ReviewCA: a cancer journal for clinicians

Breast cancer and circadian disruption from electric lighting in the modern world.

Richard G Stevens, George C Brainard, David E Blask, Steven W Lockley, Mario E Motta

Registry-linked trialOpen access · diamondAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05413486 (Circadian Disturbances in People With Mental Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 131 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
131citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
10.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05413486 unknown statusnot on this map

Circadian Disturbances in People With Mental Disease

TypeobservationalSponsorEsbjerg Hospital - University Hospital of Southern DenmarkRan2022 to 2024Enrolled86ConditionsBipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, Obesity, Circadian Rhythm DisordersArmsObservational
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

131 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 336 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  17. Breast cancer: pathogenesis and treatments.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025
    Review
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  20. Review

71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Richard G StevensProfessor, Department of Community Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT.
George C Brainard
David E Blask
Steven W Lockley
Mario E Motta
Harvard University · USTufts Medical Center · USTulane University · USUConn Health · US

Funding

Melatonin Supplementation in Complementary Breast Cancer PreventionR21CA129875 · NCI · TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA · PI BLASK, DAVID · 2008 to 2011
$497k
NCI NIH HHS 1R21CA129875NCI NIH HHS R21 CA129875
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide, and there is only a limited explanation of why. Risk is highest in the most industrialized countries but also is rising rapidly in the developing world. Known risk factors account for only a portion of the incidence in the high-risk populations, and there has been considerable speculation and many false leads on other possibly major determinants of risk, such as dietary fat. A hallmark of industrialization is the increasing use of electricity to light the night, both within the home and without. It has only recently become clear that this evolutionarily new and, thereby, unnatural exposure can disrupt human circadian rhythmicity, of which three salient features are melatonin production, sleep, and the circadian clock. A convergence of research in cells, rodents, and humans suggests that the health consequences of circadian disruption may be substantial. An innovative experimental model has shown that light at night markedly increases the growth of human breast cancer xenografts in rats. In humans, the theory that light exposure at night increases breast cancer risk leads to specific predictions that are being tested epidemiologically: evidence has accumulated on risk in shift workers, risk in blind women, and the impact of sleep duration on risk. If electric light at night does explain a portion of the breast cancer burden, then there are practical interventions that can be implemented, including more selective use of light and the adoption of recent advances in lighting technology and application.

Indexed as

BlindnessBreast NeoplasmsCircadian RhythmFemaleHumansLightingMelatoninPolymorphism, GeneticSleepSleep Disorders, Circadian RhythmMelatoninbreast neoplasmscircadian clockmelatonin productionshift worksleep duration

Identifiers

PMID24604162
PMCPMC4038658
OpenAlexW1482178272

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.