ArticlePLoS pathogens2014
Target cell availability, rather than breast milk factors, dictates mother-to-infant transmission of SIV in sooty mangabeys and rhesus macaques.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03084614 (CD8 Reactivity to Microorganisms in Blood and Breast Milk), which is not on this map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
CD8 Reactivity to Microorganisms in Blood and Breast Milk
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- BCG vaccination induces HIV target cell activation in HIV-exposed infants in a randomized trial.JCI insight · 2017Trial
- Quarantine-associated viral pathogens in non-human primates: pathobiology, diagnostic surveillance, control strategies, and one health implications.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Viremic non-progression in HIV/SIV infection: A tied game between virus and host.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Review
- Rapid systemic spread and minimal immune responses following SIVsab intrarectal transmission in African green monkeys.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Immune perturbation following SHIV infection is greater in newborn macaques than in infants.JCI insight · 2024Article
- More than the Infinite Monkey Theorem: NHP Models in the Development of a Pediatric HIV Cure.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Review
- Comparison between a deep-learning and a pixel-based approach for the automated quantification of HIV target cells in foreskin tissue.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- CD8Nature microbiology · 2023Article
- Understanding Viral and Immune Interplay During Vertical Transmission of HIV: Implications for Cure.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus SHIV.C.CH505 Persistence in ART-Suppressed Infant Macaques Is Characterized by Elevated SHIV RNA in the Gut and a High Abundance of Intact SHIV DNA in Naive CD4Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Combination of CD8β Depletion and Interleukin-15 Superagonist N-803 Induces Virus Reactivation in Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected, Long-Term ART-Treated Rhesus Macaques.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Intestinal CD4 Depletion in HIV / SIV Infection.Current immunology reviews · 2019Article
- Pediatric HIV-1 Acquisition and Lifelong Consequences of Infant Infection.Current immunology reviews · 2019Article
- Myeloid Cell Crosstalk Regulates the Efficacy of the DNA/ALVAC/gp120 HIV Vaccine Candidate.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Persistence in Cellular and Anatomic Reservoirs in Antiretroviral Therapy-Suppressed Infant Rhesus Macaques.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Highlights from the 9Journal of virus eradication · 2017Article
- Bridging the gap: large animal models in neurodegenerative research.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2017Review
- Paradoxical myeloid-derived suppressor cell reduction in the bone marrow of SIV chronically infected macaques.PLoS pathogens · 2017Article
- CXCR6-Mediated Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVagmSab Entry into Sabaeus African Green Monkey Lymphocytes Implicates Widespread Use of Non-CCR5 Pathways in Natural Host Infections.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- The well-tempered SIV infection: Pathogenesis of SIV infection in natural hosts in the wild, with emphasis on virus transmission and early events post-infection that may contribute to protection from disease progression.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mother-to-infant transmission (MTIT) of HIV is a serious global health concern, with over 300,000 children newly infected in 2011. SIV infection of rhesus macaques (RMs) results in similar rates of MTIT to that of HIV in humans. In contrast, SIV infection of sooty mangabeys (SMs) rarely results in MTIT. The mechanisms underlying protection from MTIT in SMs are unknown. In this study we tested the hypotheses that breast milk factors and/or target cell availability dictate the rate of MTIT in RMs (transmitters) and SMs (non-transmitters). We measured viral loads (cell-free and cell-associated), levels of immune mediators, and the ability to inhibit SIV infection in vitro in milk obtained from lactating RMs and SMs. In addition, we assessed the levels of target cells (CD4+CCR5+ T cells) in gastrointestinal and lymphoid tissues, including those relevant to breastfeeding transmission, as well as peripheral blood from uninfected RM and SM infants. We found that frequently-transmitting RMs did not have higher levels of cell-free or cell-associated viral loads in milk compared to rarely-transmitting SMs. Milk from both RMs and SMs moderately inhibited in vitro SIV infection, and presence of the examined immune mediators in these two species did not readily explain the differential rates of transmission. Importantly, we found that the percentage of CD4+CCR5+ T cells was significantly lower in all tissues in infant SMs as compared to infant RMs despite robust levels of CD4+ T cell proliferation in both species. The difference between the frequently-transmitting RMs and rarely-transmitting SMs was most pronounced in CD4+ memory T cells in the spleen, jejunum, and colon as well as in central and effector memory CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood. We propose that limited availability of SIV target cells in infant SMs represents a key evolutionary adaptation to reduce the risk of MTIT in SIV-infected SMs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.