ArticlePloS one2014
Expression of genes related to anti-inflammatory pathways are modified among farmers' children.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- RIPK1 polymorphisms and expression levels: impact on genetic susceptibility and clinical outcome of epithelial ovarian cancer.Cancer cell international · 2023Article
- From Amish farm dust to bacterial lysates: The long and winding road to protection from allergic disease.Seminars in immunology · 2023Review
- Compositional differences between gut microbiota of adult patients with asthma and healthy controls.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2023Article
- Environmental influences on childhood allergies and asthma - The Farm effect.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2022Review
- Altered gut microbiome compositions are associated with the severity of asthma.Journal of thoracic disease · 2021Article
- Article
- How a farming environment protects from atopy.Current opinion in immunology · 2019Review
- Exposure of Children to Rural Lifestyle Factors Associated With Protection Against Allergies Induces an Anti-Neu5Gc Antibody Response.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Microbiome and asthma.Asthma research and practice · 2018Review
- Immune development and environment: lessons from Amish and Hutterite children.Current opinion in immunology · 2017Review
- Airway Microbial Diversity is Inversely Associated with Mite-Sensitized Rhinitis and Asthma in Early Childhood.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Earlier infantile immune maturation is related to higher DTP vaccine responses in children.Clinical & translational immunology · 2016Article
- Maternal intimate partner violence exposure, child cortisol reactivity and child asthma.Child abuse & neglect · 2015Article
- Influence of farming exposure on the development of asthma and asthma-like symptoms.International immunopharmacology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe hygiene hypothesis states that children exposed to higher loads of microbes such as farmers' children suffer less from allergies later in life. Several immunological mechanisms underpinning the hygiene hypothesis have been proposed such as a shift in T helper cell balance, T regulatory cell activity, or immune regulatory mechanisms induced by the innate immunity.
objectiveTo investigate whether the proposed immunological mechanisms for the hygiene hypotheses are found in farmers' children.
methodsWe assessed gene expression levels of 64 essential markers of the innate and adaptive immunity by quantitative real-time PCR in white blood cells in 316 Swiss children of the PARSIFAL study to compare farmers' to non-farmers' expressions and to associate them to the prevalence of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis, total and allergen-specific IgE in serum, and expression of Cε germ-line transcripts.
resultsWe found enhanced expression of genes of the innate immunity such as IRAK-4 and RIPK1 and enhanced expression of regulatory molecules such as IL-10, TGF-β, SOCS4, and IRAK-2 in farmers' children. Furthermore, farmers' children expressed less of the TH1 associated cytokine IFN-γ while TH2 associated transcription factor GATA3 was enhanced. No significant associations between the assessed immunological markers and allergic diseases or sensitization to allergens were observed.
conclusionFarmers' children express multiple increased innate immune response and immune regulatory molecules, which may contribute to the mechanisms of action of the hygiene hypothesis.
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