ArticlePloS one2014
Long-term functional consequences and ongoing cerebral inflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage in the rat.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Is There a Relevant Experimental Model? A Systematic Review of Preclinical Literature.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Carvacrol improves neurological function by inhibiting TRPM7-mediated BBB disruption and hemorrhage after TBI.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Switching Off Vascular MAPK Signaling: A Novel Strategy to Prevent Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.Translational stroke research · 2025Review
- Astrocyte-microglia crosstalk in subarachnoid hemorrhage: mechanisms and treatments.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Neurobehavioral Impairments Predict Specific Cerebral Damage in Rat Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.Translational stroke research · 2024Article
- Beyond nimodipine: advanced neuroprotection strategies for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia.Neurosurgical review · 2024Review
- Diffuse microglial responses and persistent EEG changes correlate with poor neurological outcome in a model of subarachnoid hemorrhage.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Role of microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2024Review
- Ferroptosis in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage: review of literature.Chinese neurosurgical journal · 2024Review
- Screening of immune-related biological markers for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage based on machine learning approaches.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2023Article
- Ravoxertinib Improves Long-Term Neurologic Deficits after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage through Early Inhibition of Erk1/2.ACS omega · 2023Article
- Neurobehavioral impairments predict specific cerebral damage in rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage.Research square · 2023Article
- Narrative review of roles of astrocytes in subarachnoid hemorrhage.Annals of translational medicine · 2023Review
- New Insights of Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Focus on the Caspase Family.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Article
- Microglia activation in central nervous system disorders: A review of recent mechanistic investigations and development efforts.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- White Matter Injury: An Emerging Potential Target for Treatment after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2023Review
- The blood-brain barrier and the neurovascular unit in subarachnoid hemorrhage: molecular events and potential treatments.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2022Review
- Chronic cerebral aspects of long COVID, post-stroke syndromes and similar states share their pathogenesis and perispinal etanercept treatment logic.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2022Review
- Ifenprodil Improves Long-Term Neurologic Deficits Through Antagonizing Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.Translational stroke research · 2021Article
- Hydrogen gas post-conditioning alleviates cognitive dysfunction and anxiety-like behavior in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents a considerable health problem with an incidence of 6-7 per 100.000 individuals per year in Western society. We investigated the long-term consequences of SAH on behavior, neuroinflammation and gray- and white-matter damage using an endovascular puncture model in Wistar rats. Rats were divided into a mild or severe SAH group based on their acute neurological score at 24 h post-SAH. The degree of hemorrhage determined in post-mortem brains at 48 h strongly correlated with the acute neurological score. Severe SAH induced increased TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, MCP-1, MIP2, CINC-1 mRNA expression and cortical neutrophil influx at 48 h post-insult. Neuroinflammation after SAH was very long-lasting and still present at day 21 as determined by Iba-1 staining (microglia/macrophages) and GFAP (astrocytes). Long-term neuroinflammation was strongly associated with the degree of severity of SAH. Cerebral damage to gray- and white-matter was visualized by immunohistochemistry for MAP2 and MBP at 21 days after SAH. Severe SAH induced significant gray- and white-matter damage. MAP2 loss at day 21 correlated significantly with the acute neurological score determined at 24 h post-SAH. Sensorimotor behavior, determined by the adhesive removal task and von Frey test, was affected after severe SAH at day 21. In conclusion, we are the first to show that SAH induces ongoing cortical inflammation. Moreover, SAH induces mainly cortical long-term brain damage, which is associated with long-term sensorimotor damage.
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