ArticleBrain research2014
Suppressed cytokine expression immediatey following traumatic brain injury in neonatal rats indicates an expeditious endogenous anti-inflammatory response.
Article in Brain research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy as the Course of Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Quinpirole-Mediated Regulation of Dopamine D2 Receptors Inhibits Glial Cell-Induced Neuroinflammation in Cortex and Striatum after Brain Injury.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Pathophysiology of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Review
- δ-Opioid Receptor-Nrf-2-Mediated Inhibition of Inflammatory Cytokines in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.Molecular neurobiology · 2019Article
- Stem cell therapy for neurological disorders: A focus on aging.Neurobiology of disease · 2019Review
- Teriflunomide Modulates Vascular Permeability and Microglial Activation after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2018Article
- Treating childhood traumatic brain injury with autologous stem cell therapy.Expert opinion on biological therapy · 2018Review
- A Nuclear Attack on Traumatic Brain Injury: Sequestration of Cell Death in the Nucleus.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2016Article
- Brain Region-Specific Histopathological Effects of Varying Trajectories of Controlled Cortical Impact Injury Model of Traumatic Brain Injury.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2016Article
- Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as a potential treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder associated with traumatic brain injury.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2016Review
- Traumatic Brain Injury Leads to Development of Parkinson's Disease Related Pathology in Mice.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2016Article
- Neuroinflammatory responses to traumatic brain injury: etiology, clinical consequences, and therapeutic opportunities.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2015Review
- Neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury: A chronic response to an acute injury.Brain circulationReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The timing of therapeutic intervention in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is critical. Although immediate cell death cascades have become established in adult TBI, the pathophysiology underlying neonatal TBI is poorly understood. The objective of the present study was to determine the role of cytokine regulation following TBI in neonatal rats. Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to TBI using the controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury model. Age-matched littermates that did not receive TBI served as the controls. Immediately following TBI, rats were euthanized, and the brains were divided into the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres then flash frozen. A BioRad 23-Plex panel was used to measure cytokine levels. Surprisingly, the data revealed that 18 of the 23 cytokines analyzed were significantly downregulated in the hemisphere contralateral to the TBI impacted hemisphere. IL-5, IL-6 and MIP-3a were significantly suppressed in both ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres of neonatal TBI rats compared to the control rats. A parallel study processing the plasma of the same cohort of neonatal rats revealed no difference in the same cytokines analyzed in the brain tissue, suggesting highly localized cytokine suppression in the brain during early injury. In stark contrast to the reported early pro-inflammatory response exhibited in adult TBI, the present neonatal TBI study demonstrated a reversed cytokine profile of downregulation. These results suggest a robust, immediate anti-inflammatory response mounted by the contralateral hemisphere of the young brain.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.