ArticleChild abuse & neglect2014
Parental spanking of 1-year-old children and subsequent child protective services involvement.
Article in Child abuse & neglect, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- Distinguishing between demographic and contextual factors linked to early childhood physical discipline and physical maltreatment among Black families.Child abuse & neglect · 2019Trial
- Discordant patterns and adulthood consequences of childhood maltreatment and foster care placement.Social forces; a scientific medium of social study and interpretation · 2025Article
- Examining the Moderating Role of Parental Stress in the Relationship between Parental Beliefs on Corporal Punishment and Its Utilization as a Behavior Correction Strategy among Colombian Parents.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- What do child maltreatment reports to Child Protective Services tell us about the needs families and communities are experiencing?Children and youth services review · 2023Article
- Associations between 11 parental discipline behaviours and child outcomes across 60 countries.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Heterogeneous effects of spanking on child protective services involvement in early childhood: A propensity score stratification analysis.Children and youth services review · 2023Article
- Associations between Work-Family Balance, Parenting Stress, and Marital Conflicts during COVID-19 Pandemic in Singapore.Journal of child and family studies · 2023Article
- Maternal parenting stress from birth to 36 months, maternal depressive symptoms, and physical punishment to 10-year-old children: a population-based birth cohort study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2022Article
- Parents under stress: Evaluating emergency childcare policies during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Germany.Labour economics · 2022Article
- Article
- Associations between spanking beliefs and reported spanking among adolescents-parent/caregiver dyads in a Canadian sample.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Differential associations of parental harshness and parental disengagement with overall cortisol output at 15 years: Implications for adolescent mental health.Development and psychopathology · 2022Article
- Mediating Effects of Parental Stress on Harsh Parenting and Parent-Child Relationship during Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in Singapore.Journal of family violence · 2022Article
- Daily Stress and Use of Aggressive Discipline by Parents during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of family violence · 2022Article
- Physical punishment and child outcomes: a narrative review of prospective studies.Lancet (London, England) · 2021Review
- The Perfect Storm: Hidden Risk of Child Maltreatment During the Covid-19 Pandemic.Child maltreatment · 2021Article
- Individual- and County-Level Religious Participation, Corporal Punishment, and Physical Abuse of Children: An Exploratory study.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2019Article
- First-Generation Immigrant Mothers Report Less Spanking of 1-Year-Old Children Compared with Mothers of Other Immigrant Generations.Maternal and child health journal · 2019Article
- The association between perceived injunctive norms toward corporal punishment, parenting support, and risk for child physical abuse.Child abuse & neglect · 2019Article
- Investigating Relationships Between Drinking Venues, Drinking Companions, and Corporal Punishment of Children.Child maltreatment · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The majority of U.S. parents spank their children, often beginning when their children are very young. We examined families (N=2,788) who participated in a longitudinal community-based study of new births in urban areas. Prospective analyses examined whether spanking by the child's mother, father, or mother's current partner when the child was 1-year-old was associated with household CPS involvement between age 1 and age 5. Results indicated that 30% of 1-year-olds were spanked at least once in the past month. Spanking at age 1 was associated with increased odds of subsequent CPS involvement (adjusted odds ratio=1.36, 95% CI [1.08, 1.71], p<.01). When compared to non-spanked children, there was a 33% greater probability of subsequent CPS involvement for children who were spanked at age 1. Given the undesirable consequences of spanking children and a lack of empirical evidence to suggest positive effects of physical punishment, professionals who work with families should counsel parents not to spank infants and toddlers. For optimal benefits, efforts to educate parents regarding alternative forms of discipline should begin during the child's first year of life.
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