ArticleFrontiers in plant science2014
Optimizing illumination in the greenhouse using a 3D model of tomato and a ray tracer.
Article in Frontiers in plant science, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- When Does Directional Reflectance Matter? Evaluating BRDF Effects in Plant Canopy Light Simulations.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Incorporating Spectral and Directional Leaf Reflectance into Virtual Plant Models via Phong Shader Parameter Fitting.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Limit and enhancing potential of canopy photosynthesis for greenhouse tomato: a model analysis in different climatic environments.Plant phenomics (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- The Influence of External Parameters on the Ripeness of Pumpkins.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Consequences of intra-canopy and top LED lighting for uniformity of light distribution in a tomato crop.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- Crop/Plant Modeling Supports Plant Breeding: I. Optimization of Environmental Factors in Accelerating Crop Growth and Development for Speed Breeding.Plant phenomics (Washington, D.C.) · 2023Review
- Plant science in the age of simulation intelligence.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- Analyzing the Impact of Greenhouse Planting Strategy and Plant Architecture on Tomato Plant Physiology and Estimated Dry Matter.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Investigation of the impact of supplemental reflective films to improve micro-light climate within tomato plant canopy in solar greenhouses.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Cherry Tomato Production in Intelligent Greenhouses-Sensors and AI for Control of Climate, Irrigation, Crop Yield, and Quality.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Quantifying the importance of a realistic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaflet shape for 3-D light modelling.Annals of botany · 2020Article
- Measuring crops in 3D: using geometry for plant phenotyping.Plant methods · 2019Review
- Supplemental Light-Emitting Diode Inter-Lighting Increases Tomato Fruit Growth Through Enhanced Photosynthetic Light Use Efficiency and Modulated Root Activity.Frontiers in plant science · 2019Article
- Integrating Morphological and Physiological Responses of Tomato Plants to Light Quality to the Crop Level by 3D Modeling.Frontiers in plant science · 2019Article
- Optimal Design of Plant Canopy Based on Light Interception: A Case Study With Loquat.Frontiers in plant science · 2019Article
- Estimation of Whole Plant Photosynthetic Rate of Irwin Mango under Artificial and Natural Lights Using a Three-Dimensional Plant Model and Ray-Tracing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Canopy Photosynthesis Modeling Using 3D Plant Architecture and Light Ray-Tracing.Frontiers in plant science · 2016Article
- What is the most prominent factor limiting photosynthesis in different layers of a greenhouse cucumber canopy?Annals of botany · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Reduction of energy use for assimilation lighting is one of the most urgent goals of current greenhouse horticulture in the Netherlands. In recent years numerous lighting systems have been tested in greenhouses, yet their efficiency has been very difficult to measure in practice. This simulation study evaluated a number of lighting strategies using a 3D light model for natural and artificial light in combination with a 3D model of tomato. The modeling platform GroIMP was used for the simulation study. The crop was represented by 3D virtual plants of tomato with fixed architecture. Detailed data on greenhouse architecture and lamp emission patterns of different light sources were incorporated in the model. A number of illumination strategies were modeled with the calibrated model. Results were compared to the standard configuration. Moreover, adaptation of leaf angles was incorporated for testing their effect on light use efficiency (LUE). A Farquhar photosynthesis model was used to translate the absorbed light for each leaf into a produced amount of carbohydrates. The carbohydrates produced by the crop per unit emitted light from sun or high pressure sodium lamps was the highest for horizontal leaf angles or slightly downward pointing leaves, and was less for more upward leaf orientations. The simulated leaf angles did not affect light absorption from inter-lighting LED modules, but the scenario with LEDs shining slightly upward (20(°)) increased light absorption and LUE relative to default horizontal beaming LEDs. Furthermore, the model showed that leaf orientation more perpendicular to the string of LEDs increased LED light interception. The combination of a ray tracer and a 3D crop model could compute optimal lighting of leaves by quantification of light fluxes and illustration by rendered lighting patterns. Results indicate that illumination efficiency increases when the lamp light is directed at most to leaves that have a high photosynthetic potential.
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