ReviewFrontiers in immunology2014
Regulation of Intestinal Immune Responses through TLR Activation: Implications for Pro- and Prebiotics.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 176 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of probiotics in irritable bowel syndrome: Updated systematic review with meta-analysis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2015Pooled it
- The role of probiotic lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and other related diseases: a systematic review of randomized human clinical trials.BioMed research international · 2015Pooled it
- Preservation of Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Properties in a Heat-Treated Probiotic Blend: Insights from Preclinical Models.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Effects of Fermented Palm Kernel Meal on Lactation Performance, Rumen Fermentation, Rumen Microbiota, and Rumen Metabolomic Profiles in Holstein Dairy Cows.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- The Role of Toll-like Receptors and Viral Infections in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Impact of toll-like receptors on food allergy: mechanisms involved and scientific evidence.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2025Review
- Cellular Senescence Contributes to Colonic Barrier Integrity Impairment Induced by Toxoplasma gondii Infection.Inflammation · 2025Article
- Exploring the role of inflammatory regulatory effects of probiotics as adjuvants in cancer development management with considering possible challenges: a comprehensive review.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Benefits of Nano-Echinacea Extract on Reproductive Injury Induced by Polystyrene Plastic Materials in Rat Model via Regulating Gut-Brain Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Probiotics and Cancer: Mechanistic Insights and Organ-Specific Impact.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Exploring the Relationship Between Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Gut Microbiota Through a Mendelian Randomization Study.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- TLR4/MyD88 expression patterns and novel genetic variants: association with aggressive clinicopathological features in colorectal cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Chronic administration of prebiotics and probiotics prevent pathophysiological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease in the cortex of APP/PS1 mice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Gut microbiota: A new window for the prevention and treatment of neuropsychiatric disease.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2025Review
- Different infant formulas can activate toll-like receptor 9 in vitro and inhibit interleukin 6 in human primary intestinal epithelial cells.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- ControllingInfection and immunity · 2024Review
- Hatchery and Dietary Application of Synbiotics in Broilers: Performance and mRNA Abundance of Ileum Tight Junction Proteins, Nutrient Transporters, and Immune Response Markers.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Gut microbiota and irritable bowel syndrome: status and prospect.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Toll-like receptor 4 plays a vital role in irritable bowel syndrome: a scoping review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is constantly facing a high load of antigens including bacterial antigens derived from the microbiota and food. Despite this, the immune cells present in the gastrointestinal tract do not initiate a pro-inflammatory immune response. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors expressed by various cells in the gastrointestinal tract, including intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and resident immune cells in the lamina propria. Many diseases, including chronic intestinal inflammation (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), allergic gastroenteritis (e.g., eosinophilic gastroenteritis and allergic IBS), and infections are nowadays associated with a deregulated microbiota. The microbiota may directly interact with TLR. In addition, differences in intestinal TLR expression in health and disease may suggest that TLRs play an essential role in disease pathogenesis and may be novel targets for therapy. TLR signaling in the gut is involved in either maintaining intestinal homeostasis or the induction of an inflammatory response. This mini review provides an overview of the current knowledge regarding the contribution of intestinal epithelial TLR signaling in both tolerance induction or promoting intestinal inflammation, with a focus on food allergy. We will also highlight a potential role of the microbiota in regulating gut immune responses, especially through TLR activation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.