ReviewToxins2014
Staphylococcal bicomponent pore-forming toxins: targets for prophylaxis and immunotherapy.
Review in Toxins, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genomic Characterization and Virulence Determinants ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Whole genome sequencing based prediction of antimicrobial resistance evolution among the predominant bacterial pathogens of diabetic foot ulcer.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Article
- Using Targeted Nano-Antibiotics to Improve Antibiotic Efficacy againstAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Expression of Staphylococcal Virulence Genes In Situ in Human Skin and Soft Tissue Infections.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Review
- Hyperimmune Targeting Staphylococcal Toxins Effectively Protect Against USA 300 MRSA Infection in Mouse Bacteremia and Pneumonia Models.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Safety and Immunogenicity of a 4-Component Toxoid-BasedFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- IBT-V02: A Multicomponent Toxoid Vaccine Protects Against Primary and Secondary Skin Infections Caused byFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Alternative Anti-Infective Treatments to Traditional Antibiotherapy against Staphylococcal Veterinary Pathogens.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Efficacy of Active Immunization With Attenuated α-Hemolysin and Panton-Valentine Leukocidin in a Rabbit Model of Staphylococcus aureus Necrotizing Pneumonia.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Development of a vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus invasive infections: Evidence based on human immunity, genetics and bacterial evasion mechanisms.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2020Review
- Rational Design of Toxoid Vaccine Candidates forToxins · 2019Article
- Immune and Inflammatory Reponses toCurrent dermatology reports · 2018Article
- A Critical Role for HlgA inToxins · 2018Article
- Leukocidins: staphylococcal bi-component pore-forming toxins find their receptors.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2017Review
- Heterogeneous Family of Cyclomodulins: Smart Weapons That Allow Bacteria to Hijack the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle and Promote Infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Review
- Nanoparticle-Based Antivirulence Vaccine for the Management of Methicillin-ResistantAdvanced functional materials · 2016Article
- Exploiting dominant-negative toxins to combat Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis.EMBO reports · 2016Article
- Structure-function analysis of heterodimer formation, oligomerization, and receptor binding of the Staphylococcus aureus bi-component toxin LukGH.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2015Article
- Methicillin-resistantVeterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Staphylococccus aureus represents one of the most challenging human pathogens as well as a common colonizer of human skin and mucosal surfaces. S. aureus causes a wide range of diseases from skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) to debilitating and life-threatening conditions such as osteomyelitis, endocarditis, and necrotizing pneumonia. The range of diseases reflects the remarkable diversity of the virulence factors produced by this pathogen, including surface antigens involved in the establishment of infection and a large number of toxins that mediate a vast array of cellular responses. The staphylococcal toxins are generally believed to have evolved to disarm the innate immune system, the first line of defense against this pathogen. This review focuses on recent advances on elucidating the biological functions of S. aureus bicomponent pore-forming toxins (BCPFTs) and their utility as targets for preventive and therapeutic intervention. These toxins are cytolytic to a variety of immune cells, primarily neutrophils, as well as cells with a critical barrier function. The lytic activity of BCPFTs towards immune cells implies a critical role in immune evasion, and a number of epidemiological studies and animal experiments relate these toxins to clinical disease, particularly SSTI and necrotizing pneumonia. Antibody-mediated neutralization of this lytic activity may provide a strategy for development of toxoid-based vaccines or immunotherapeutics for prevention or mitigation of clinical diseases. However, certain BCPFTs have been proposed to act as danger signals that may alert the immune system through an inflammatory response. The utility of a neutralizing vaccination strategy must be weighed against such immune-activating potential.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.