ReviewToxins2014
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor-activating effect of uremic toxins from tryptophan metabolism: a new concept to understand cardiovascular complications of chronic kidney disease.
Review in Toxins, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 136 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
136 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 249 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Uremic Toxins on Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of Propolis Supplementation on Gut Microbiota and Uremic Toxin Profiles of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis.Toxins · 2024Trial
- Metabolomic signature of exposure and response to citalopram/escitalopram in depressed outpatients.Translational psychiatry · 2019Trial
- The Influence of Dietary Protein Intake on Mammalian Tryptophan and Phenolic Metabolites.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Resistant starch supplementation effects on plasma indole 3-acetic acid and aryl hydrocarbon receptor mRNA expression in hemodialysis patients: Randomized, double blind and controlled clinical trial.Jornal brasileiro de nefrologiaTrial
- Review
- Article
- Deficiency of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in kidney epithelial cells does not influence the development of atherosclerosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Resveratrol and Redox Regulation in Cardiovascular Disease Across the Life Course: Mechanistic and Translational Perspectives.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Kidney Function Modulates Gut Microbial Metabolism.Toxins · 2026Article
- Serotonin, Kynurenine, and Indole Pathways of Tryptophan Metabolism in Humans in Health and Disease.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Thrombospondin 1-CD47 Signalling Modulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Senescence in Chronic Kidney Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Furosemide and the Symptom Burden: The Potential Mediating Role of Uremic Toxins in Patients with CKD.Toxins · 2025Article
- Observational
- Antioxidants, Gut Microbiota, and Cardiovascular Programming: Unraveling a Triad of Early-Life Interactions.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Uncovering the Link Between Kynurenic Acid Pathway and Kidney Failure.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Unveiling the role of sex in the metabolism of indoxyl sulfate and apixaban.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Benefits of equilibrium between microbiota- and host-derived ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor after stroke in aged male mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Tryptophan metabolism as a target in gut microbiota, ageing and kidney disease.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Loop diuretics inhibit kynurenic acid production and kynurenine aminotransferases activity in rat kidneys.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2024Article
76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases and suffer from accelerated atherosclerosis. CKD patients are permanently exposed to uremic toxins, making them good candidates as pathogenic agents. We focus here on uremic toxins from tryptophan metabolism because of their potential involvement in cardiovascular toxicity: indolic uremic toxins (indoxyl sulfate, indole-3 acetic acid, and indoxyl-β-d-glucuronide) and uremic toxins from the kynurenine pathway (kynurenine, kynurenic acid, anthranilic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, and quinolinic acid). Uremic toxins derived from tryptophan are endogenous ligands of the transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). AhR, also known as the dioxin receptor, interacts with various regulatory and signaling proteins, including protein kinases and phosphatases, and Nuclear Factor-Kappa-B. AhR activation by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and some polychlorinated biphenyls is associated with an increase in cardiovascular disease in humans and in mice. In addition, this AhR activation mediates cardiotoxicity, vascular inflammation, and a procoagulant and prooxidant phenotype of vascular cells. Uremic toxins derived from tryptophan have prooxidant, proinflammatory, procoagulant, and pro-apoptotic effects on cells involved in the cardiovascular system, and some of them are related with cardiovascular complications in CKD. We discuss here how the cardiovascular effects of these uremic toxins could be mediated by AhR activation, in a "dioxin-like" effect.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.