ArticleCancer research2014
Auranofin induces lethal oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress and exerts potent preclinical activity against chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Article in Cancer research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03529955 (A Phase 2, Open Label Single Arm Study for Evaluating Safety & Efficacy of Apremilast in the Treatment of Cutaneous Disease in Patients With Recalcitrant Dermatomyositis), which is not on this map. Cited by 134 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase 2, Open Label Single Arm Study for Evaluating Safety & Efficacy of Apremilast in the Treatment of Cutaneous Disease in Patients With Recalcitrant Dermatomyositis
Who cites it
134 citing papers in PubMed, 243 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Structural and Mechanistic Characterization ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Reactive oxygen species promotion drives auranofin's antiviral activity against hepatitis E virus.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Auranofin, identified by FDA-approved drug library screening, inhibits HBs antigen secretion via lysosomal damage.PloS one · 2026Article
- Mechanism of auranofin toxicity: Inhibition of tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2026Article
- Synthesis and in vitro characterization of [EJNMMI radiopharmacy and chemistry · 2025Article
- Repurposing Auranofin for Oncology and Beyond: A Brief Overview of Clinical Trials as Mono- and Combination Therapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Auranofin Induces ER Stress-Mediated Apoptosis, and Its Combination With Bortezomib Elicits Paraptosis-Like Cell Death in Malignant Canine Mammary Tumour Cells.Veterinary and comparative oncology · 2025Article
- Oxidative stress in cancer: from tumor and microenvironment remodeling to therapeutic frontiers.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Recharacterization of the Tumor Suppressive Mechanism of RSL3 Identifies the Selenoproteome as a Druggable Pathway in Colorectal Cancer.Cancer research · 2025Article
- Thioredoxin Reductase 1 inhibition triggers ferroptosis in KRAS-independent lung cancers.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Beyond gold: the chemoenhancing mechanism and therapeutic potential of auranofin in melanoma.Cancer biology & medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Thioredoxin: a key factor in cold tumor formation and a promising biomarker for immunotherapy resistance in NSCLC.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Searching for New Gold(I)-Based Complexes as Anticancer and/or Antiviral Agents.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Inhibition of Thioredoxin-Reductase by Auranofin as a Pro-Oxidant Anticancer Strategy for Glioblastoma: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
74 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) exhibits high remission rates after initial chemoimmunotherapy, but with relapses with treatment, refractory disease is the most common outcome, especially in CLL with the deletion of chromosome 11q or 17p. In addressing the need of treatments for relapsed disease, we report the identification of an existing U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved small-molecule drug to repurpose for CLL treatment. Auranofin (Ridaura) is approved for use in treating rheumatoid arthritis, but it exhibited preclinical efficacy in CLL cells. By inhibiting thioredoxin reductase activity and increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, auranofin induced a lethal endoplasmic reticulum stress response in cultured and primary CLL cells. In addition, auranofin displayed synergistic lethality with heme oxygenase-1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase inhibitors against CLL cells. Auranofin overcame apoptosis resistance mediated by protective stromal cells, and it also killed primary CLL cells with deletion of chromosome 11q or 17p. In TCL-1 transgenic mice, an in vivo model of CLL, auranofin treatment markedly reduced tumor cell burden and improved mouse survival. Our results provide a rationale to reposition the approved drug auranofin for clinical evaluation in the therapy of CLL.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.