ArticlePloS one2014
Smoking patterns and stimulus control in intermittent and daily smokers.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed.
- Smoking Cessation Smartphone App for Nondaily Smoking With Telephone Onboarding: Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2025Trial
- Investigating Best Practices for Ecological Momentary Assessment: Nationwide Factorial Experiment.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Trial
- Evaluating Declines in Compliance With Ecological Momentary Assessment in Longitudinal Health Behavior Research: Analyses From a Clinical Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Trial
- Effectiveness of nicotine gum in preventing lapses in the face of temptation to smoke among non-daily smokers: a secondary analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2020Trial
- Ecological momentary assessment of temptations and lapses in non-daily smokers.Psychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- Using Nicotine Gum to Assist Nondaily Smokers in Quitting: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Trial
- Piloting a clinical laboratory method to evaluate the influence of potential modified risk tobacco products on smokers' quit-related motivation, choice, and behavior.Addictive behaviors · 2019Trial
- Using the text-messaging program SmokefreeTXT to support smoking cessation for nondaily smokers.Substance use & misuse · 2019Trial
- Nondaily Smokers' Changes in Cigarette Consumption With Very Low-Nicotine-Content Cigarettes: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial.JAMA psychiatry · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Racial differences in the relationship between rate of nicotine metabolism and nicotine intake from cigarette smoking.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2016Trial
- Factors Associated With Cannabis Use Among African American Nondaily Smokers.Journal of addiction medicineTrial
- Tobacco withdrawal system recovery time assessed during smoking satiety predicts smoking behavior change among individuals who smoke cigarettes daily.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2026Article
- Can implicit associations and approach-avoidance tendencies be observed in both problematic social network use and tobacco use disorder? Evidence from a laboratory study.Addictive behaviors reports · 2026Article
- Smoking-related gestures as a behavioral dimension of tobacco use: associations with psychological distress and smoking patterns in treatment-seeking smokers.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Naturalistic Tobacco Retail Exposure and Smoking Outcomes in Adults Who Smoke Cigarettes Daily.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Real-time antecedents of cannabis use among young adults: An Ecological Momentary Assessment study.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Exposure to vaping and smoking prohibitions and nicotine and cannabis vaping in a California-based sample of young adults: An ecological momentary assessment study.Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- Relative importance of temporal and location features in predicting smoking events.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Adapting a Functional Assessment of Cigarette Smoking for People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.Behavior analysis in practice · 2025Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Intermittent smokers (ITS) - who smoke less than daily - comprise an increasing proportion of adult smokers. Their smoking patterns challenge theoretical models of smoking motivation, which emphasize regular and frequent smoking to maintain nicotine levels and avoid withdrawal, but yet have gone largely unexamined. We characterized smoking patterns among 212 ITS (smoking 4-27 days per month) compared to 194 daily smokers (DS; smoking 5-30 cigarettes daily) who monitored situational antecedents of smoking using ecological momentary assessment. Subjects recorded each cigarette on an electronic diary, and situational variables were assessed in a random subset (n=21,539 smoking episodes); parallel assessments were obtained by beeping subjects at random when they were not smoking (n=26,930 non-smoking occasions). Compared to DS, ITS' smoking was more strongly associated with being away from home, being in a bar, drinking alcohol, socializing, being with friends and acquaintances, and when others were smoking. Mood had only modest effects in either group. DS' and ITS' smoking were substantially and equally suppressed by smoking restrictions, although ITS more often cited self-imposed restrictions. ITS' smoking was consistently more associated with environmental cues and contexts, especially those associated with positive or "indulgent" smoking situations. Stimulus control may be an important influence in maintaining smoking and making quitting difficult among ITS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.