ArticlePloS one2014
The vitamin D status of prison inmates.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of overweight and obesity in incarcerated individuals in developed and developing countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Pooled it
- Vitamin D Supplementation during Winter: Effects on Stress Resilience in a Randomized Control Trial.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Managing tuberculosis infection among migrants from high-incidence tuberculosis countries: challenges, strategies and recommendations.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Review
- Self-Reported Personal Hygiene Practice and Associated Factors among Prison Inmates in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia: An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Assessment of IL-12, mRNA expression, vitamin-D level, and their correlation among theSaudi journal of biological sciences · 2022Article
- Perspective: Vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 severity - plausibly linked by latitude, ethnicity, impacts on cytokines, ACE2 and thrombosis.Journal of internal medicine · 2021Review
- Vitamin D and COVID-19: evidence and recommendations for supplementation.Royal Society open science · 2020Article
- Gluten-Free Diet in Prisons in Poland: Nutrient Contents and Implementation of Dietary Reference Intake Standards.Nutrients · 2020Article
- The body in isolation: The physical health impacts of incarceration in solitary confinement.PloS one · 2020Article
- Vitamin D enhances responses to interferon-β in MS.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2019Article
- Serum vitamin D levels and risk of prevalent tuberculosis, incident tuberculosis and tuberculin skin test conversion among prisoners.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Vitamin D status among indigenous Mayan (Kekchi) and Afro-Caribe (Garifuna) adolescents from Guatemala: a comparative description between two ethnic groups residing on the Rio Dulce at the Caribbean coast in Izabal Province, Guatemala.Public health nutrition · 2017Article
- Best Practices for Nutrition Care of Pregnant Women in Prison.Journal of correctional health care : the official journal of the National Commission on Correctional Health Care · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThere is no comprehensive, systematic analysis of the vitamin D status of prisoners in the scientific literature.
objectiveTo investigate the vitamin D status and its determinants in US prison inmates. HYPOTHESIS: Given the uniformity of dietary intake amongst inmates, vitamin D status will be determined by non-dietary factors such as skin pigmentation, security level-, and the duration of incarceration. SUBJECTS AND
methodsA retrospective study of 526 inmates (males, n=502, age 48.6 ± 12.5 years; females, n=24, age 44.1 ± 12.2) in Massachusetts prisons. Vitamin D sufficiency, insufficiency, and deficiency were respectively defined as a 25(OH)D concentration 75 nmol/L; 50 to 75 nmol/L; and <50 nmol/L. The Massachusetts Department of Correction Statement of Nutritional Adequacy stated that each inmate received the recommended daily allowance of vitamin D daily. Security level of incarceration was designated as minimum, medium, and maximum. Racial groups were categorized as Black, white, Asian, and Others.
resultsSerum 25(OH)D levels peaked in summer and autumn, and decreased in winter and spring. Vitamin D deficiency occurred in 50.5% of blacks, 29.3% of whites, and 14.3% of Asian inmates (p=0.007). Black inmates had significantly lower serum 25(OH)D level than white inmates at the maximum security level (p=0.015), medium security level (p=0.001), but not at the minimum security level (p=0.40). After adjusting for covariates black inmates at a maximum security level had a four-fold higher risk for vitamin D deficiency than white inmates at the same security level (OR 3.9 [95% CI 1.3-11.7].
conclusionsThe vitamin D status of prison inmates is determined by skin pigmentation, seasons, and the security level of incarceration.
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Registered trials
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