Trial reportDrug and alcohol dependence2014
The association between changes in alternative reinforcers and short-term smoking cessation.
Trial report in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Smoking cessation for improving mental health.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Behavioral activation for smoking cessation and the prevention of smoking cessation-related weight gain: A randomized trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Trial
- Cognitive-behavioral treatment with behavioral activation for smoking cessation: Randomized controlled trial.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Contingency management for college student smokers: The role of drinking as a moderator and mediator of smoking abstinence during treatment.Addictive behaviors · 2018Trial
- Longitudinal changes in smoking abstinence symptoms and alternative reinforcers predict long-term smoking cessation outcomes.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2016Trial
- Long-term nicotine replacement therapy: a randomized clinical trial.JAMA internal medicine · 2015Trial
- The role of alternative reinforcers in smoking outcomes among people with and without HIV.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2025Observational
- Sources of Environmental Reinforcement and Engagement in Health Risk Behaviors Among a General Population Sample of US Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Valuation of future alcohol in cross-commodity delay discounting is associated with alcohol misuse/consequences.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2023Article
- Intersections between environmental reward availability, loss aversion, and delay discounting as potential risk factors for cigarette smoking and other substance use.Preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Behavioral Economics and Tobacco Control: Current Practices and Future Opportunities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Relative expected value of drugs versus competing rewards underpins vulnerability to and recovery from addiction.Behavioural brain research · 2020Review
- Extended Nicotine Patch Treatment Among Smokers With and Without Comorbid Psychopathology.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
- A Behavioral Activation Mobile Health App for Smokers With Depression: Development and Pilot Evaluation in a Single-Arm Trial.JMIR formative research · 2019Article
- Factors Associated with Adherence to Transdermal Nicotine Patches within a Smoking Cessation Effectiveness Trial.Journal of smoking cessation · 2018Article
- Nicotine Acutely Enhances Reinforcement from Non-Drug Rewards in Humans.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2017Review
- A behavioral economic perspective on smoking persistence in serious mental illness.Preventive medicine · 2016Article
- Rate of nicotine metabolism and smoking cessation outcomes in a community-based sample of treatment-seeking smokers.Addictive behaviors · 2015Article
- Smoking cessation and reduction in people with chronic mental illness.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2015Review
- Negative mood reverses devaluation of goal-directed drug-seeking favouring an incentive learning account of drug dependence.Psychopharmacology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhile more than 50% of smokers make a serious quit attempt each year, less than 10% quit permanently. Evidence from studies of adolescent smoking and other substances of abuse suggest that alternative reinforcers, a construct of Behavioral Economic Theory, may contribute to the likelihood of smoking cessation in adults. This study examined the behavioral economics of smoking cessation within a smoking cessation clinical trial and evaluated how depressive symptoms and behavioral economic variables are associated with smoking cessation.
methodsA sample of 469 smokers, enrolled in an effectiveness trial that provided counseling and 8 weeks of 21 mg nicotine patches, was analyzed. Alternative reinforcers (substitute and complementary reinforcers) and depressive symptoms were examined in relation to 7-day point prevalence abstinence, verified with breath carbon monoxide, 8 weeks after the quit date.
resultsControlling for covariates associated with cessation (nicotine dependence, age of smoking initiation, patch adherence), participants who were abstinent at week 8 showed significantly higher substitute reinforcers at all time-points, compared to those who were smoking (p's<.05). Participants who were abstinent at week 8 showed lower complementary reinforcers and depressive symptoms at all time-points, compared to those who were smoking, but significant differences were confined to week 8 (p's<.01). There was no significant interaction between alternative reinforcers and depressive symptoms across the 8 weeks on week 8 abstinence.
conclusionsThese results support continued examination of Behavioral Economic Theory in understanding adult smoking cessation in order to inform future treatments and guidelines.
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