ReviewAntioxidants & redox signaling2014
Redox control of microglial function: molecular mechanisms and functional significance.
Review in Antioxidants & redox signaling, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 174 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
174 citing papers in PubMed, 305 citations in OpenAlex.
- Post-ischemic inhibition of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter with Ru265 protects in ex vivo and in vivo models of cerebral ischemia.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2026Article
- Neurodegenerative diseases and immune system: From pathogenic mechanism to therapy.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Roles of Microglia in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation improves emotional and cognitive functions in post-traumatic stress disorder rats through anti-inflammation, neuroprotection, and modulation of the hippocampal nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-heme oxygenase-1-glutathione peroxidase 4 pathway.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2026Article
- HLA-DRB1*15:01 drives sex- and age-dependent microglial activation and neuroimmune signaling.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Molecular Insights of Neuroprotective Effect ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Timeless and Stainless Alcohol: Concentric Waves from Its Oxidative Metabolism and Related Oxidative Stress.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Metallothioneins in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Metal Homeostasis, Autoimmunity, and Therapeutic Potential.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- A vicious cycle of microglial dysfunction: bridging synaptic pruning and neuroinflammation across the neurodevelopmental continuum.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- HLA-DRB1*15:01 drives sex- and age-dependent microglial immune phenotypes and neuroimmune signaling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Dysfunction of lipid metabolism and lysosomal capacity: at the core of microglial aging?Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Neuroprotective Effects of Mushroom Biomass Digestive Fractions and Gut Microbiota Metabolites in Microglial andNutrients · 2025Article
- Chronic Styrene Exposure Causes Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Hippocampal Memory Dysfunction via NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Cladribine Preserves Normal Central Nervous System Cellular Activity and Promotes Neuroprotection to Oxidative Stress Damage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Histological and Functional Breakdown of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Alzheimer's Disease: A Multifactorial Intersection.Neurology international · 2025Review
- Inflammatory and Immune Biomarkers in Mood Disorders: From Mechanistic Pathways to Clinical Translation.Cells · 2025Review
- Glia Cells Are Selectively Sensitive to Nanosized Titanium Dioxide Mineral Forms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Amphibians as a source of bioactive antioxidant peptides: Emerging insights and therapeutic potential.Zoological research · 2025Review
- Oxidative Stress, Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs), and Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease: A Metabolic Perspective.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Spatial Multiomics Toward Understanding Neurological Systems.Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS · 2025Review
114 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by chronic microglial over-activation and oxidative stress. It is now beginning to be recognized that reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by either microglia or the surrounding environment not only impact neurons but also modulate microglial activity. In this review, we first analyze the hallmarks of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes of microglia and their regulation by ROS. Then, we consider the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by NADPH oxidases and nitric oxide synthases and the new findings that also indicate an essential role of glutathione (γ-glutamyl-l-cysteinylglycine) in redox homeostasis of microglia. The effect of oxidant modification of macromolecules on signaling is analyzed at the level of oxidized lipid by-products and sulfhydryl modification of microglial proteins. Redox signaling has a profound impact on two transcription factors that modulate microglial fate, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, master regulators of the pro-inflammatory and antioxidant responses of microglia, respectively. The relevance of these proteins in the modulation of microglial activity and the interplay between them will be evaluated. Finally, the relevance of ROS in altering blood brain barrier permeability is discussed. Recent examples of the importance of these findings in the onset or progression of neurodegenerative diseases are also discussed. This review should provide a profound insight into the role of redox homeostasis in microglial activity and help in the identification of new promising targets to control neuroinflammation through redox control of the brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.