ArticleBMC complementary and alternative medicine2014
Evaluation of antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of Artemisia nilagirica and Murraya koenigii leaf extracts against mycobacteria and macrophages.
Article in BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review.Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry · 2025Pooled it
- Traditional Medicinal Plants as a Source of Antituberculosis Drugs: A System Review.BioMed research international · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
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- Antimycobacterial and Antifungal Activities of Leaf Extracts FromScientifica · 2024Article
- Biosynthesis and Characterization of Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles fromMaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Phytochemical Composition and In Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Anticancer, and Enzyme-Inhibitory Activities ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Design, Synthesis and Molecular Docking of Novel Acetophenone-1,2,3-Triazoles Containing Compounds as Potent Enoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase (InhA) Inhibitors.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Novel Hybrid 1,2,4- and 1,2,3-Triazoles Targeting Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Enoyl Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase (InhA): Design, Synthesis, and Molecular Docking.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Curry Leaf Triggers Cell Death ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Chemical compositions, antimicrobial effects, and cytotoxicity of Asia minor wormwood (Artemisia splendens Willd.) growing in Iran.BMC chemistry · 2021Article
- Phytochemistry and pharmacological activity of the genus artemisia.Archives of pharmacal research · 2021Review
- Article
- Medicinal Profile, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities of Murraya koenigii and its Primary Bioactive Compounds.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Evaluation of antimycobacterial activity ofVeterinary world · 2018Article
- Article
- Efficient in vitro propagation ofPhysiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology · 2016Article
- Phytogenic silver, gold, and bimetallic nanoparticles as novel antitubercular agents.International journal of nanomedicine · 2016Article
- Chemopreventive and immunomodulatory effects of Murraya koenigii aqueous extract on 4T1 breast cancer cell-challenged mice.BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2015Article
- Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoid compounds and their pharmaceutical activity from curry leaf (Murraya koenigii L.) using response surface methodology.BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundArtemisia nilagirica (Asteraceae) and Murraya koenigii (Rutaceae) are widely distributed in eastern region of India. Leaves of Artemisia nilagirica plant are used to treat cold and cough by the local tribal population in east India. Murraya koenigii is an edible plant previously reported to have an antibacterial activity. Pathogenic strains of mycobacteria are resistant to most of the conventional antibiotics. Therefore, it is imperative to identify novel antimycobacterial molecules to treat mycobacterial infection.
methodsIn this study, ethanol, petroleum ether and water extracts of Artemisia nilagirica and Murraya koenigii were tested for antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG in synergy with first line anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs, and for cytotoxic activities on mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Antibacterial activity was determined by colony forming unit (CFU) assay. Intracellular survival assay was performed by infecting RAW264.7 cells with M. smegmatis before and after treatment with plant extracts. Cytotoxity was checked by MTT [3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide] assay. Genotoxicity was studied by DAPI staining and COMET assay using mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cell line. Cell apoptosis was checked by Annexin-V/FITC dual staining method. Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production was checked by DCFH staining and Griess reagent, respectively.
resultsEthanol extracts of A. nilagirica (IC50 300 μg/ml) and M. koenigii (IC50 400 μg/ml) were found to be more effective against Mycobacterium smegmatis as compared to petroleum ether and water extracts. M. koenigii extract showed maximum activity against M. bovis BCG in combination with a first line anti-TB drug rifampicin. M. koenigii leaf extract also exerted more cytototoxic (IC50 20 μg/ml), genotoxic and apoptosis in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line. Treatment of mouse macrophages with A. nilagirica extract increased intracellular killing of M. smegmatis by inducing production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide.
conclusionsEthanol extracts of A. nilagirica and M. koenigii were found to be more effective against mycobacteria. As compared to A. nilagirica, M. koenigii ethanol extract exhibited significant synergistic antibacterial activity against M. smegmatis and M. bovis BCG in combination with anti-tuberculosis drug rifampicin, and also showed increased cytotoxicity, DNA damage and apoptosis in mouse macrophages.
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