SynthesisBritish journal of cancer2014
The association between physical activity and bladder cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in British journal of cancer, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association of physical activity with urological cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nature communications · 2026Pooled it
- Bladder cancer risk factors: a comprehensive umbrella review of meta-analyses.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of eHealth interventions to promote physical activity in young, middle-aged, and late middle-aged adults with obesity or overweight.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Pooled it
- Genome-wide association study and Mendelian randomization analyses reveal insights into bladder cancer etiology.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2025Pooled it
- Physical activity and constipation: A systematic review of cohort studies.Journal of global health · 2024Pooled it
- The underexplored links between cancer and the internal body climate: Implications for cancer prevention and treatment.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Carbohydrates, Glycemic Index, and Glycemic Load in Relation to Bladder Cancer Risk.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Pooled it
- Physical Activity in Cancer Prevention and Survival: A Systematic Review.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2019Pooled it
- Association between the TACC3 rs798766 Polymorphism and Risk of Urinary Bladder Cancer: A Synthesis Based on Current Evidence.Disease markers · 2017Pooled it
- Lifestyle factors and health-related quality of life in bladder cancer survivors: a systematic review.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2016Pooled it
- Modifiable risk factors for the prevention of bladder cancer: a systematic review of meta-analyses.European journal of epidemiology · 2016Pooled it
- Impact of serum vitamin D level on risk of bladder cancer: a systemic review and meta-analysis.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2015Pooled it
- The Insulin-Urothelial Axis: Evaluating Insulin Resistance as a Convergent Driver of Bladder Cancer Across Diverse Risk Factor Profiles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The interplay of dietary sugar, chronic inflammation, and bladder cancer: mechanistic insights, evidence, and prevention strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Occupational physical activity and incidence and mortality of 14 cancers in 404,249 adults.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Nonexercise estimated cardiorespiratory fitness in relation to incidence of urinary tract, bladder and kidney cancer in the HUNT study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Polyphenol-Based Nutritional Strategies Combined With Exercise for Brain Function and Glioma Control: Focus on Epigenetic Modifications, Cognitive Function, Learning and Memory Processes.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- miR-126: a bridge between cancer and exercise.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Role of exercise on the reduction of cancer development: a mechanistic review from the lncRNA point of view.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Carcinogen metabolism and bladder cancer: role of gut microbiota in disease and prevention.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPhysical activity may protect against bladder cancer through several biologic pathways, such as enhanced immune function and decreased chronic inflammation. Physical activity may also indirectly prevent bladder cancer by reducing obesity. A sizeable number of epidemiologic studies have examined the association between physical activity and bladder cancer, but the available evidence has not yet been formally summarised using meta-analysis.
methodsWe performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of English-language studies published from January 1975 through November 2013. We followed the PRISMA guidelines and used a random effects model to estimate the summary risk estimates for the association between physical activity and bladder cancer.
resultsA total of 15 studies with 5,402,369 subjects and 27,784 bladder cancer cases were included. High vs low levels of physical activity were related to decreased bladder cancer risk (summary relative risk (RR)=0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.74-0.98; I(2)=83%; P-value for heterogeneity across all studies<0.001). Results were similar for cohort studies (RR=0.89, 95% CI=0.80-1.00; I(2)=64%) and case-control studies (RR=0.71, 95% CI=0.43-1.16; I(2)=87%; P-value for difference=0.108) and they were comparable for women (RR=0.83, 95% CI=0.73-0.94; I(2)=0%) and men (RR=0.92, 95% CI=0.82-1.05; I(2)=67; P-value for difference=0.657). Findings were also comparable for recreational (RR=0.81, 95% CI=0.66-0.99; I(2)=77%) and occupational physical activity (RR=0.90, 95% CI=0.76-1.0; I(2)=76%; P-value for difference=0.374), and they were largely consistent for moderate (RR=0.85, 95% CI=0.75-0.98; I(2)=76%) and vigorous activity (RR=0.80, 95% CI=0.64-1.00;I(2)=87%; P-value for difference=0.535).
conclusionsPhysical activity is associated with decreased risk of bladder cancer. Further studies are required to assess the relations of intensity, frequency, duration, and timing in life of physical activity to bladder cancer risk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.