ArticleImmunology2014
Toll-like receptor 6 mediated inflammatory and functional responses of zinc oxide nanoparticles primed macrophages.
Article in Immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ion-Driven Regulation of CaAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Passivation-Engineered Zinc Peroxide Nanoparticles as Th1-Biased Adjuvant for Antitumor Immunity.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- New insight into the protective effect of Citrullus colocynthis loaded with ZnONP cream on glutaraldehyde-induced dermatitis in health care workers.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials: New Weapons to Boost Anti-Tumor Immunity Cycle.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Functionalized ZnO-Based Nanocomposites for Diverse Biological Applications: Current Trends and Future Perspectives.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Doxorubicin and folic acid-loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles-based combined anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory approach for enhanced anti-cancer therapy.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Antitumor Activity of Chitosan-Coated Iron Oxide Nanocomposite Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Animal Models.Biological trace element research · 2023Article
- Advanced bioactive nanomaterials for diagnosis and treatment of major chronic diseases.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
- Nanoparticle Effects on Stress Response Pathways and Nanoparticle-Protein Interactions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Lethality of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Surpasses Conventional Zinc Oxide via Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Damage and Calcium Overload: A Comparative Hepatotoxicity Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2022Article
- Toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway activation contributes to a highly efficient inflammatory response in Japanese encephalitis virus-infected mouse microglial cells by proteomics.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Biodegradable Zn-Cu-Fe Alloy as a Promising Material for Craniomaxillofacial Implants: AnFrontiers in chemistry · 2022Article
- Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of the Yesso scallop (Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2022Article
- Advanced bioactive nanomaterials for biomedical applications.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2021Review
- Sequence and Structural Characterization of Toll-Like Receptor 6 from Human and Related Species.BioMed research international · 2021Article
- Effects of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Toll-Like Receptor mRNAs in Human Monocytes.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Therapeutic Regulation of Macrophage Functions.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Application of ZnO-Based Nanocomposites for Vaccines and Cancer Immunotherapy.Pharmaceutics · 2019Review
- Exploration of immunomodulatory and protective effect of Withania somnifera on trace metal oxide (zinc oxide nanoparticles) induced toxicity in Balb/c mice.Molecular biology reports · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Macrophages are among the most sensitive immune cells because of their phagocytic activity and are prone to become dysfunctional or not able to perform properly if nanoparticle load increases. We have previously reported that zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) induce inflammatory responses in macrophages that contribute to their death. Recognition of ZNPs by pattern recognition receptors such as toll-like receptors (TLRs) might be a factor in the initiation of these responses in macrophages. Therefore, in this study we explored the role played by TLR6 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) pathways in the inflammatory responses of macrophages during ZNPs exposure. ZNPs-activated macrophages showed enhanced expression of activation and maturation markers (CD1d, MHC-II, CD86 and CD71). Among various TLRs screened, TLR6 emerged as the most potent activator for ZNPs-induced inflammatory responses. Downstream signalling proteins myeloid differentiation 88, interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor were also enhanced. On inhibiting MAPKs pathways individually, the inflammatory responses such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase were suppressed. TLR6 silencing significantly inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, reactive nitrogen species generation and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. Also, inhibition of MAPKs in the absence of TLR6 signalling validated the link between TLR6 and MAPKs in ZNPs-induced inflammatory responses. TLR6 was found to be co-localized with autophagosomes. Macrophages lacking TLR6 inhibited the autophagosome marker protein-microtubule-associated protein1 light chain 3-isoform II formation and phagocytosis. These results demonstrate that inflammatory responses caused by ZNPs-activated macrophages strongly depend on TLR6-mediated MAPK signalling.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.