ArticleBrain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)2014
Complex deregulation and expression of cytokines and mediators of the immune response in Parkinson's disease brain is region dependent.
Article in Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of anesthetic method on inflammatory response in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled study.BMC anesthesiology · 2020Trial
- Involvement of KAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Blocking IL-6 signaling prevents astrocyte-induced neurodegeneration in an iPSC-based model of Parkinson's disease.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Parkinson's disease and gut microbiota: from clinical to mechanistic and therapeutic studies.Translational neurodegeneration · 2023Review
- Role of cytokines and reactive oxygen species in brain aging.Mechanisms of ageing and development · 2023Review
- Human stem cell-derived ventral midbrain astrocytes exhibit a region-specific secretory profile.Brain communications · 2023Article
- Peripheral Inflammatory Markers TNF-α and CCL2 Revisited: Association with Parkinson's Disease Severity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key pathological driver of early stage Parkinson's.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2022Article
- Diagnosis and Drug Prediction of Parkinson's Disease Based on Immune-Related Genes.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2022Article
- Characteristics of systemic inflammation and brain iron deposition in Parkinson's disease patients.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2022Article
- Gut-Derived Sterile Inflammation and Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Characterization of exogenous αSN response genes and their relation to Parkinson's disease using network analyses.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Neuroglial Senescence, α-Synucleinopathy, and the Therapeutic Potential of Senolytics in Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Alpha-Synuclein as a Prominent Actor in the Inflammatory Synaptopathy of Parkinson's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Neurons and Glia Interplay in α-Synucleinopathies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Dissecting the non-neuronal cell contribution to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis using induced pluripotent stem cells.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Review
- Correlation of Decreased Serum Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Levels With Non-motor Symptoms in Patients With Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Article
- Mutations in GBA and LRRK2 Are Not Associated with Increased Inflammatory Markers.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2021Article
- Nuclear Factor-κB Dysregulation and α-Synuclein Pathology: Critical Interplay in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2020Review
- Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of inflammatory markers in Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian disorders.Scientific reports · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is common in neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson disease (PD). Expression of 25 mRNAs was assessed with TaqMan-PCR including members of the complement system, colony stimulating factors, Toll family, cytokines IL-8, IL-6, IL-6ST, IL-1B, TNF-α family, IL-10, TGFβ family, cathepsins and integrin family, in the substantia nigra pars compacta, putamen, frontal cortex area 8 and angular gyrus area 39, in a total of 43 controls and 56 cases with PD-related pathology covering stages 1-6 of Braak. Up-regulation of IL-6ST was the only change in the substantia nigra at stages 1-2. Down-regulation of the majority of members examined occurred in the substantia nigra from stage 4 onwards. However, region-dependent down- and up-regulation of selected mRNAs occurred in the putamen and frontal cortex, whereas only mRNA up-regulated mRNAs were identified in the angular cortex from stage 3 onwards in PD cases. Protein studies in frontal cortex revealed increased IL6 expression and reduced IL-10 with ELISA, and increased IL-6 with western blotting in PD. Immunohistochemistry revealed localization of IL-5, IL-6 and IL-17 receptors in glial cells, mainly microglia; IL-5, IL-10 and M-CSF in neurons; TNF-α in neurons and microglia; and active NF-κB in the nucleus of subpopulations of neurons and glial cells in PD. Distinct inflammatory responses, involving pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and variegated mediators of the immune response occur in different brain regions at the same time in particular individuals. Available information shows that altered α-synuclein solubility and aggregation, Lewy body formation, oxidative damage and neuroinflammation converge in the pathogenesis of PD.
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