ReviewFrontiers in immunology2014
Classical and Paradoxical Effects of TNF-α on Bone Homeostasis.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 230 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
230 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 378 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of biologics in primary sclerosing cholangitis with inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Hepatology communications · 2024Pooled it
- Role of proinflammatory mutations in peri-implantitis: systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of implant dentistry · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy of injectable platelet-rich fibrin on clinical and biochemical parameters in non-surgical periodontal treatment: a split-mouth randomized controlled trial.Clinical oral investigations · 2023Trial
- Macrophage-driven pathological ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities.Bone research · 2026Review
- A barrier-centered perspective on the gut-barrier-bone axis: a review of the core role of the intestinal barrier and related probiotics with nanocoatings.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Characterization of pain-related mechanisms and bone destruction in mild and severe monoiodoacetate-induced hip arthropathy in rats.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- TLR4-dependent upregulation of IL-22-producing T cells in the bone niche links to the imbalance of bone homeostasis.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Article
- Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Enhances Intramembranous Bone Healing in a Critical-Size Bone Defect of the Rat Calvaria.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Fluticasone Propionate/Anti-IgE Combination Preserves Bone Mechanical and Mineral Integrity Better than Monotherapies or Anti-TNF-α in Mice with Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Heat shock protein-mediated remodeling of the bone immune microenvironment: mechanisms and precision therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Association Between Chronic Inflammation, Bone Density, and Muscle in Peripubertal Adolescents With and Without HIV in Zimbabwe: A Cross-sectional Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Atrophic Long-Bone Non-Union: Current Insights into Pathogenesis and Management-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Distinct functional profiles of oral neutrophils in molar incisor pattern periodontitis, generalized periodontitis and periodontal health.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Graphene-Based 3D Scaffolds in Bone Regeneration: Emerging Opportunities for MRONJ Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Metronidazole-Loaded Cyclodextrin Nanogels for Antibacterial Therapy and Microbiota Regulation in Periodontitis.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Role of Cytokines in Bone Diseases and Their Therapeutic Application.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
- Macrophage polarization regulates bone homeostasis: a potential etiology and therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Systems biology insights into the molecular drivers of childhood stunting and implications for intervention.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- The effect of the nonselective TNF inhibitor etanercept and of the selective TNF inhibitor XPro1595 on lesioned supraspinatus muscle.Bioscience reports · 2025Article
- Periosteum Organoid: Biomimetic Design Inspired From the Bone Healing Process.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2025Review
170 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays an essential role in the regulation of bone homeostasis in several chronic immune and inflammatory joint diseases, where inhibition of TNF has led to significant clinical improvement. However, TNF-activated pathways and mechanisms involved in bone remodeling remain unclear. So far, TNF-α was known as an inhibitor of osteoblast differentiation and an activator of osteoclastogenesis. Recent contradictory findings indicated that TNF-α can also activate osteoblastogenesis. The paradoxical role of TNF-α in bone homeostasis seems to depend on the concentration and the differentiation state of the cell type used as well as on the exposure time. This review aims to summarize the recent contradictory findings on the regulation of bone homeostasis by TNF-α at the isolated cell, whole bone, and whole body levels. In addition, the involvement of TNF-α in the bone remodeling imbalance is observed in inflammatory joint diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, which are associated with bone destruction and ectopic calcified matrix formation, respectively. Both diseases are associated with systemic/vertebral osteoporosis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.