ReviewNature reviews. Microbiology2014
The co-pathogenesis of influenza viruses with bacteria in the lung.
Review in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 420 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
420 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 720 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prevalence of influenza bacterial co-infection and its role in disease severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2023Pooled it
- Prevention of antimicrobial prescribing among infants following maternal vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Trial
- Prevalence and Outcomes of Bacterial Co-detections by Blood Culture Among Children and Adults Hospitalized With Laboratory-confirmed Influenza, Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network, 2022-2024.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Changing Epidemiology of Severe Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Adults at a Tertiary Hospital between 2010 and 2024.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2026Article
- A decade of endemic human coronaviruses: epidemiological patterns and clinical significance in an adult cohort at a tertiary care hospital in Germany.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Point-of-Care Ultrasound-Guided Management of Fulminant Influenza A(H3) withHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- The impact of influenza vaccination on the clinical severity of influenza among children aged 6 months to 6 years living in the community: a prospective cohort study.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2026Article
- The cell with many faces: lung macrophage plasticity and function in response to environmental and pathogenic insults.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Influenza coinfection inhibits control of mycobacterial infection in a human challenge model.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Pathogenicity and immune response of turkey A(H1N2) influenza virus of swine-origin on turkeys and mice.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Pathogen-specific host responses define distinct pneumonia endotypes in the human lung.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Computational identification of novel therapeutic candidates for Streptococcus pyogenes and influenza A coinfections through transcriptomic-based drug repositioning.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Disease modulation by TIV vaccination during secondary pneumococcal infections in influenza-infected mice.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Severe viral infections requiring intensive care unit admissions- aetiology, co-infections, respiratory interventions and outcomes.Infection · 2026Article
- TNF superfamily member 14 drives post-influenza depletion of alveolar macrophages, enabling secondary pneumococcal pneumonia.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Hidden burden of pneumococcal colonization in adults with viral respiratory infections: the role of influenza and RSV.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Molecular and Clinical Study of Bovine Coronavirus andVeterinary medicine international · 2026Article
- The Value of NLR, PLR, MLR, and SII Combined with Lower Respiratory Tract Symptoms in Predicting Pulmonary Complications in Non-Risk-Factor Influenza A Patients.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Laboratory characteristics and immune-inflammatory profiles ofFrontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
360 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Concern that a highly pathogenic virus might cause the next influenza pandemic has spurred recent research into influenza and its complications. Bacterial superinfection in the lungs of people suffering from influenza is a key element that promotes severe disease and mortality. This co-pathogenesis is characterized by complex interactions between co-infecting pathogens and the host, leading to the disruption of physical barriers, dysregulation of immune responses and delays in a return to homeostasis. The net effect of this cascade can be the outgrowth of the pathogens, immune-mediated pathology and increased morbidity. In this Review, advances in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms are discussed, and the key questions that will drive the field forwards are articulated.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.