ReviewCell and tissue research2014
Novel insights into the development and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier.
Review in Cell and tissue research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 184 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
184 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 291 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adherens, tight, and gap junctions in ependymal cells: A systematic review of their contribution to CSF-brain barrier.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- The potential and therapeutic advances of the integrin family in neurological disorders.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Review
- Vascularized Brain Organoids: Advances in Engineering Human Neurovascular Models.International journal of stem cells · 2026Review
- Construction and Applicability Scenarios of 3D Neurovascular Unit Models In Vitro.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Photobiomodulation restores blood-brain barrier integrity after hypoxia via endothelial von Willebrand factor modulation in a humanised tricellular transwell model.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Proteomic Profiling of Optic Nerves From SMOX-Deficient Mice Identifies Regulators of Neuroinflammation and Axonal Damage in Optic Neuritis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Multistage nanomedicine engineering to overcome sequential barriers to glioblastoma treatment: a review.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Recent advances in self-assembled nanoplatforms for central nervous system disorders therapy: Design principles, multifunctional strategies, and therapeutic applications.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Transport pathways across the blood-brain barrier for waste clearance and drug delivery.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Review
- Article
- Cerebrovascular claudin-5 isoform expression correlates with worsened stroke outcomes following thromboembolic stroke.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Article
- Notch signaling activation reduces vesicular endocytosis in human pluripotent stem cell-derived CNS-like endothelial cells.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Article
- Probiotic Supplementation Modulates FGFR2 and TLR4 Signaling and Attenuates Chronic Neuroinflammation in an Experimental Stroke Model.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Traditional Chinese medicine interventions targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury: a review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Advancements in Neonatal Brain Injury Treatment: Nanomedicine-Based Strategies.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Bridging pathologies: Mechanistic insights into the diabetes-Alzheimer's nexus.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- Search for marker proteins to assess blood-brain barrier development.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2026Article
- Generation of hiPSC-Derived Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Using Directed Differentiation and Transcriptional Reprogramming.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026Article
- The intersection of circadian rhythms and the blood-brain barrier with drug efficacy and delivery in neurological disorders.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2025Review
124 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for maintaining homeostasis within the central nervous system (CNS) and is a prerequisite for proper neuronal function. The BBB is localized to microvascular endothelial cells that strictly control the passage of metabolites into and out of the CNS. Complex and continuous tight junctions and lack of fenestrae combined with low pinocytotic activity make the BBB endothelium a tight barrier for water soluble moleucles. In combination with its expression of specific enzymes and transport molecules, the BBB endothelium is unique and distinguishable from all other endothelial cells in the body. During embryonic development, the CNS is vascularized by angiogenic sprouting from vascular networks originating outside of the CNS in a precise spatio-temporal manner. The particular barrier characteristics of BBB endothelial cells are induced during CNS angiogenesis by cross-talk with cellular and acellular elements within the developing CNS. In this review, we summarize the currently known cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating brain angiogenesis and introduce more recently discovered CNS-specific pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, Norrin/Frizzled4 and hedgehog) and molecules (GPR124) that are crucial in BBB differentiation and maturation. Finally, based on observations that BBB dysfunction is associated with many human diseases such as multiple sclerosis, stroke and brain tumors, we discuss recent insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in maintaining barrier characteristics in the mature BBB endothelium.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.