ArticleMolecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy2014
Supplementation of influenza split vaccines with conserved M2 ectodomains overcomes strain specificity and provides long-term cross protection.
Article in Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- A DNA vaccine based on hemagglutinin and conserved epitopes of influenza B virus provides cross-lineage protection in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- An effective vaccine against influenza A virus based on the matrix protein 2 (M2).Veterinary microbiology · 2024Article
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- Supplementation of seasonal vaccine with multi-subtype neuraminidase and M2 ectodomain virus-like particle improves protection against homologous and heterologous influenza viruses in aged mice.Antiviral research · 2024Article
- Impact of hemagglutination activity and M2e immunity on conferring protection against influenza viruses.Virology · 2022Article
- Universal protection against influenza viruses by multi-subtype neuraminidase and M2 ectodomain virus-like particle.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Recent Progress in Recombinant Influenza Vaccine Development Toward Heterosubtypic Immune Response.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
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- Article
- Broad cross protection by recombinant live attenuated influenza H3N2 seasonal virus expressing conserved M2 extracellular domain in a chimeric hemagglutinin.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- A Strategy to Elicit M2e-Specific Antibodies Using a Recombinant H7N9 Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Expressing Multiple M2e Tandem Repeats.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Virus-Like Particle Vaccines Against Respiratory Viruses and Protozoan Parasites.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2021Review
- Bacteriophage T4 Vaccine Platform for Next-Generation Influenza Vaccine Development.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Review
- Host immune response-inspired development of the influenza vaccine.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2020Review
- Progress in the development of virus-like particle vaccines against respiratory viruses.Expert review of vaccines · 2020Review
- Adenoviral Vectors as Vaccines for Emerging Avian Influenza Viruses.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- M2e-based universal influenza vaccines: a historical overview and new approaches to development.Journal of biomedical science · 2019Review
- An Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccine Approach to Targeting the Conserved Hemagglutinin Stalk and M2e Domains.Vaccines · 2019Article
- Neuraminidase expressing virus-like particle vaccine provides effective cross protection against influenza virus.Virology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Current influenza vaccines do not provide good protection against antigenically different influenza A viruses. As an approach to overcome strain specificity of protection, this study demonstrates significantly improved long-term cross protection by supplementing split vaccines with a conserved molecular target, a repeat of the influenza M2 ectodomain (M2e) expressed on virus-like particles (M2e5x VLPs) in a membrane-anchored form. Intramuscular immunization with H1N1 split vaccine (A/California/07/2009) supplemented with M2e5x VLPs induced M2e-specific humoral and cellular immune responses, and shaped the host responses to the vaccine in the direction of T-helper type 1 responses inducing dominant IgG2a isotype antibodies as well as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) producing cells in systemic and mucosal sites. Upon lethal challenge, M2e5x VLP-supplemented vaccination lowered lung viral loads and induced long-term cross protection against H3N2 or H5N1 subtype influenza viruses over 12 months. M2e antibodies, CD4 T cells, and CD8 T cells were found to contribute to improving heterosubtypic cross protection. In addition, improved cross protection by supplemented vaccination with M2e5x VLPs was mediated via Fc receptors. The results support evidence that supplementation with M2e5x VLPs is a promising approach for overcoming the limitation of strain-specific protection by current influenza vaccination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.