ReviewTherapeutic advances in chronic disease2014
Long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists for the treatment of chronic airway diseases.
Review in Therapeutic advances in chronic disease, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of inhaled anticholinergics on bronchial secretions: a systematic review.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Pooled it
- Long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) versus LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- The impact of long-acting muscarinic antagonists on mucus hypersecretion and cough in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Pooled it
- Comparisons of exacerbations and mortality among LAMA/LABA combinations in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.Respiratory research · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Fixed-Dose Combinations of Long-Acting Bronchodilators for the Management of COPD: Global and Asian Perspectives.Advances in therapy · 2019Pooled it
- Long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) versus LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Aclidinium bromide for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- The Impact of Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists on Airway Inflammation: A Systematic Review.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseasePooled it
- Tiotropium add-on therapy is safe and reduces seasonal worsening in paediatric asthma patients.The European respiratory journal · 2019Trial
- Imidafenacin, An Orally Active Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist, Improves Pulmonary Function In Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled 3×3 Crossover Phase II Trial.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2019Trial
- A phase IIb randomized, chronic-dosing, incomplete block, cross-over study of glycopyrronium, delivered via metered dose inhaler, compared with a placebo and an active control in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD.Respiratory research · 2018Trial
- Efficacy and safety of four doses of glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate delivered via a metered dose inhaler compared with the monocomponents in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2018Trial
- Long-term safety of tiotropium/olodaterol RespimatInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2018Trial
- Responsiveness to Ipratropium Bromide in Male and Female Patients with Mild to Moderate Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.EBioMedicine · 2017Trial
- Article
- Comparative effectiveness and safety of fluticasone-based versus beclometasone-based single-inhaler triple therapies in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a population-based cohort study.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Refractive Errors, Myopic Macular Degeneration, and Associated Risk Factors in a Maltese Population-Based Study.Clinical optometry · 2026Article
- Patient response and remission in respiratory disease: Special focus on severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Review
- Adverse drug events associated with tiotropium: a real-world pharmacovigilance study of FDA adverse event reporting system database.Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acetylcholine (neuronal and non-neuronal origin) regulates bronchoconstriction, and mucus secretion. It has an inflammatory effect by inducing attraction, survival and cytokine release from inflammatory cells. Muscarinic receptors throughout the bronchial tree are mainly restricted to muscarinic M1, M2 and M3 receptors. Three long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists (LAMAs) were approved for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Europe: once-daily tiotropium bromide; once-daily glycopyrronium bromide; and twice-daily aclidinium bromide. All have higher selectivity for M3 receptors than for M2 receptors, and dissociate more slowly from the M3 receptors than they do from the M2 receptors. Some LAMAs showed anti-inflammatory effects [inhibition of neutrophil chemotactic activity and migration of alveolar neutrophils, decrease of several cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) including interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and leukotriene (LT)B4] and antiremodeling effects (inhibition of mucus gland hypertrophy and decrease in MUC5AC-positive goblet cell number, decrease in MUC5AC overexpression). In the clinic, LAMAs showed a significant improvement of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), quality of life, dyspnea and reduced the number of exacerbations in COPD and more recently in asthma. This review will focus on the three LAMAs approved in Europe in the treatment of chronic airway diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.