ArticleSleep2014
Physiological mechanisms of upper airway hypotonia during REM sleep.
Article in Sleep, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictors of success in combination of tongue base resection and lateral pharyngoplasty for obstructive sleep apnea.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2017Trial
- Rapid eye movement-related obstructive sleep apnea: a physiological phenotype predicting favorable outcomes following palatal surgery.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Risk Factors, Symptom Burden, and Treatment Response in Pediatric REM-Predominant OSA: Evidence From the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2026Article
- The upper airway in obstructive sleep apnoea: state of the art.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Glossopharyngeal airway collapse is the main factor leading REM-related oxygen desaturation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a pilot study.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2026Article
- Article
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in women: gender in sleep respiratory medicine is a first step towards personalized medicine.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2025Review
- Association between overnight repetitive respiratory events and the accumulation of genioglossus fatigue in male patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2024Article
- Older adults at greater risk for Alzheimer's disease show stronger associations between sleep apnea severity in REM sleep and verbal memory.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- REM sleep obstructive sleep apnoea.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Review
- Older adults at greater risk for Alzheimer's disease show stronger associations between sleep apnea severity and verbal memory.Research square · 2023Article
- REM sleep is associated with the volume of the cholinergic basal forebrain in aMCI individuals.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2023Article
- International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2023Review
- Mouth puffing phenomena of patients with obstructive sleep apnea when mouth-taped: device's efficacy confirmed with physical video observation.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2023Article
- Article
- Sleep architecture of short sleep time in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a retrospective single-facility study.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2022Article
- Subtypes of obstructive sleep apnea in children and related factors.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2022Article
- Rapid eye movement sleep apnea and carotid intima thickness in men and women: a SHE-MUSTACHE cohort study.Journal of sleep research · 2022Article
- REM-Predominant Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- [Progress in clinical research of REM-related obstructive sleep apnea].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesRapid eye movement (REM)-induced hypotonia of the major upper airway dilating muscle (genioglossus) potentially contributes to the worsening of obstructive sleep apnea that occurs during this stage. No prior human single motor unit (SMU) study of genioglossus has examined this possibility to our knowledge. We hypothesized that genioglossus SMUs would reduce their activity during stable breathing in both tonic and phasic REM compared to stage N2 sleep. Further, we hypothesized that hypopneas occurring in REM would be associated with coincident reductions in genioglossus SMU activity.
designThe activity of genioglossus SMUs was studied in (1) neighboring epochs of stage N2, and tonic and phasic REM; and (2) during hypopneas occurring in REM.
settingSleep laboratory.
participants29 subjects (38 ± 13 y) (17 male).
interventionNatural sleep, including REM sleep and REM hypopneas. MEASUREMENT AND
resultsSubjects slept overnight with genioglossus fine-wire intramuscular electrodes and full polysomnography. Forty-two SMUs firing during one or more of stage N2, tonic REM, or phasic REM were sorted. Twenty inspiratory phasic (IP), 17 inspiratory tonic (IT), and five expiratory tonic (ET) SMUs were characterized. Fewer units were active during phasic REM (23) compared to tonic REM (30) and stage N2 (33). During phasic REM sleep, genioglossus IP and IT SMUs discharged at slower rates and for shorter durations than during stage N2. For example, the SMU peak frequency during phasic REM 5.7 ± 6.6 Hz (mean ± standard deviation) was less than both tonic REM 12.3 ± 9.7 Hz and stage N2 16.1 ± 10.0 Hz (P < 0.001). The peak firing frequencies of IP/IT SMUs decreased from the last breath before to the first breath of a REM hypopnea (11.8 ± 10.9 Hz versus 5.7 ± 9.4 Hz; P = 0.001).
conclusionGenioglossus single motor unit activity is significantly reduced in REM sleep, particularly phasic REM. Single motor unit activity decreases abruptly at the onset of REM hypopneas.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.