ArticlePloS one2014
Area level deprivation is an independent determinant of prevalent type 2 diabetes and obesity at the national level in Germany. Results from the National Telephone Health Interview Surveys 'German Health Update' GEDA 2009 and 2010.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Geographic and area-level socioeconomic variation in cardiometabolic risk factor distribution: a systematic review of the literature.International journal of health geographics · 2019Pooled it
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- Prevalence of type 2 diabetes from 2011 to 2023 by regional socioeconomic deprivation in Germany: an ecological study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- A Scoping Review of Possible Solutions for Decreasing Socioeconomic Inequalities in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.International journal of preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Influence of neighborhood-level socioeconomic deprivation and individual socioeconomic position on risk of developing type 2 diabetes in older men: a longitudinal analysis in the British Regional Heart Study cohort.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2023Article
- Does the place of residence influence your risk of being hypertensive? A study-based on Nepal Demographic and Health Survey.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2023Article
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- Inequalities in Diabetes Mortality Between Microregions in Hungary.International journal of public health · 2023Article
- Area deprivation and demographic factors associated with diabetes technology use in adults with type 1 diabetes in Germany.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation (GISD): Revision, update and applications.Journal of health monitoring · 2022Article
- Subjective Social Status, Area Deprivation, and Gender Differences in Health among Chinese Older People.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Area Deprivation and COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality in Bavaria, Germany: A Bayesian Geographical Analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Observational
- Patients at high risk for a severe clinical course of COVID-19 - small-area data in support of vaccination and other population-based interventions in Germany.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Heterogeneity of Access to Diabetes Technology Depending on Area Deprivation and Demographics Between 2016 and 2019 in Germany.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2021Article
- Regional Deprivation, Stroke Incidence, and Stroke Care—An Analysis of Billing and Quality Assurance Data From the German State of Rhineland-Palatinate.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2021Article
- Socioeconomic status is not associated with the delivery of care in people with diabetes but does modify HbA1c levels: An observational cohort study (Elzha-cohort 1).International journal of clinical practice · 2021Observational
- Neighborhood Deprivation, Obesity, and Diabetes in Residents of the US Gulf Coast.American journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
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Abstract
objectiveThere is increasing evidence that prevention programmes for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity need to consider individual and regional risk factors. Our objective is to assess the independent association of area level deprivation with T2DM and obesity controlling for individual risk factors in a large study covering the whole of Germany.
methodsWe combined data from two consecutive waves of the national health interview survey 'GEDA' conducted by the Robert Koch Institute in 2009 and 2010. Data collection was based on computer-assisted telephone interviews. After exclusion of participants <30 years of age and those with missing responses, we included n=33,690 participants in our analyses. The outcome variables were the 12-month prevalence of known T2DM and the prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2)). We also controlled for age, sex, BMI, smoking, sport, living with a partner and education. Area level deprivation of the districts was defined by the German Index of Multiple Deprivation. Logistic multilevel regression models were performed using the software SAS 9.2.
resultsOf all men and women living in the most deprived areas, 8.6% had T2DM and 16.9% were obese (least deprived areas: 5.8% for T2DM and 13.7% for obesity). For women, higher area level deprivation and lower educational level were both independently associated with higher T2DM and obesity prevalence [highest area level deprivation: OR 1.28 (95% CI: 1.05-1.55) for T2DM and OR 1.28 (95% CI: 1.10-1.49) for obesity]. For men, a similar association was only found for obesity [OR 1.20 (95% CI: 1.02-1.41)], but not for T2DM.
conclusionArea level deprivation is an independent, important determinant of T2DM and obesity prevalence in Germany. Identifying and targeting specific area-based risk factors should be considered an essential public health issue relevant to increasing the effectiveness of diabetes and obesity prevention.
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