ArticlePloS one2014
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) is suppressed by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in vitro and in vivo.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cancer-associated fibroblasts as key regulators of lipid metabolism in the tumour microenvironment.Oncogene · 2026Review
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- Fibroblast transformation in the tumor microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma: heterogeneity, regulation, and therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cancer‑associated fibroblasts in human malignancies, with a particular emphasis on sarcomas (Review).International journal of oncology · 2025Review
- High Levels of Endogenous Omega-3 Fatty Acids Promote Dendritic Cell Antigen Presentation and Improve Dendritic Cell-Based Cancer Vaccine Efficacy in Mice.Cancer immunology research · 2025Article
- Overcoming cancer treatment resistance: Unraveling the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2025Review
- In silico framework about prediction of collagen-derived matrikine generation and its ligand function binding to integrin [Formula: see text] for malignancy of colon cancer.In silico pharmacology · 2025Article
- Biovalorization of whey waste as economic nutriment for mycogenic production of single cell oils with promising antibiofilm and anticancer potentiality.Journal of biological engineering · 2024Article
- Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in Major Depressive Disorder: Restoring Balance for Neuroinflammation and Neuroprotection.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2024Review
- Advances in Melanoma: From Genetic Insights to Therapeutic Innovations.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Biophysical perspectives to understanding cancer-associated fibroblasts.APL bioengineering · 2024Review
- Unveiling immune cell response disparities in human primary cancer-associated fibroblasts between two- and three-dimensional cultures.PloS one · 2024Article
- Overview of the therapeutic strategies for ER positive breast cancer.Biochemical pharmacology · 2023Review
- Immune system and tumor microenvironment in early-stage breast cancer: different mechanisms for early recurrence after mastectomy and chemotherapy on ductal and lobular types.F1000Research · 2023Article
- Cancer-associated fibroblasts: The chief architect in the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Research Progress on Therapeutic Targeting of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts to Tackle Treatment-Resistant NSCLC.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Fatty Acids as a Tool to Boost Cancer Immunotherapy Efficacy.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- Article
- Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived SDF-1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lung adenocarcinoma via CXCR4/β-catenin/PPARδ signalling.Cell death & disease · 2021Article
- Synergistic metalloproteinase-based remodeling of matrix by pancreatic tumor and stromal cells.PloS one · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are responsible for tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 secreted from cancer stroma populated by CAFs is a prerequisite for cancer angiogenesis and metastasis. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA) have been reported to have anti-tumor effects on diverse types of malignancies. Fat-1 mice, which can convert omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA independent of diet, are useful to investigate the functions of endogenous omega-3 PUFA. To examine the effect of omega-3 PUFA on tumorigenesis, TC-1 cells, a murine epithelial cell line immortalized by human papillomavirus (HPV) oncogenes, were injected subcutaneously into fat-1 or wild type mice. Tumor growth and angiogenesis of the TC-1 tumor were significantly suppressed in fat-1 compared to wild type mice. cDNA microarray of the tumors derived from fat-1 and wild type mice revealed that MMP-9 is downregulated in fat-1 mice. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated immunoreactivity for MMP-9 in the tumor stromal fibroblasts was diffusely positive in wild type whereas focal in fat-1 mice. MMP-9 was expressed in primary cultured fibroblasts isolated from fat-1 and wild type mice but was not expressed in TC-1 cells. Co-culture of fibroblasts with TC-1 cells enhanced the expression and the proteinase activity of MMP-9, although the protease activity of MMP-9 in fat-1-derived fibroblasts was lower than that in wild type fibroblasts. Our data suggests that omega-3 PUFAs suppress MMP-9 induction and tumor angiogenesis. These findings may provide insight into mechanisms by which omega-3 PUFAs exert anti-tumor effects by modulating tumor microenvironment.
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