ArticlePloS one2014
Apolipoprotein E plays a key role against cryptosporidial infection in transgenic undernourished mice.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Divergent biological consequences of APOE isoforms across industrialized and non-industrial environments.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Divergent Biological Consequences of APOE Isoforms Across Industrialized and Non-Industrial Environments.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- High-density lipoprotein: a biomarker and therapeutic target in sepsis.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Review
- ApoE COG 133 mimetic peptide improves survival, infection burden, andExperimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Characterizing the pathogenicity of genetic variants: the consequences of context.NPJ genomic medicine · 2024Article
- DoFrontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Apolipoprotein E genotype affects innate susceptibility toInfection and immunity · 2023Article
- Article
- ApoE Mimetic Peptides to Improve the Vicious Cycle of Malnutrition and Enteric Infections by Targeting the Intestinal and Blood-Brain Barriers.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- DoFrontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- APOE genetics influence murine gut microbiome.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Murine Gut Microbiome Association WithFrontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Review
- THE EXPOSOME IN HUMAN EVOLUTION: FROM DUST TO DIESEL.The Quarterly review of biology · 2019Article
- The Genetic Variability ofGenes · 2019Review
- Low Evolutionary Selection Pressure in Senescence Does Not Explain the Persistence of Aβ in the Vertebrate Genome.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2019Review
- Disentangling Microbial Mediators of Malnutrition: Modeling Environmental Enteric Dysfunction.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2019Review
- Apolipoprotein E4 is associated with improved cognitive function in Amazonian forager-horticulturalists with a high parasite burden.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2017Article
- Impact of acute undernutrition on growth, ileal morphology and nutrient transport in a murine model.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2016Article
- Apolipoprotein E and Sex Bias in Cerebrovascular Aging of Men and Mice.Trends in neurosciences · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Apolipoliprotein E (apoE), a critical targeting protein in lipid homeostasis, has been found to have immunoinflammatory effects on murine models of infection and malnutrition. The effects of apoE in undernourished and Cryptosporidium parvum-infected mice have not been investigated. In order to study the role of apoE in a model of C. parvum infection, we used the following C57BL6J mouse genetic strains: APOE-deficient, wild-type controls, and APOE targeted replacement (TR) mice expressing human APOE genes (E3/3; E4/4). Experimental mice were orally infected with 10(7)-unexcysted-C. parvum oocysts between post-natal days 34-35 followed by malnutrition induced with a low-protein diet. Mice were euthanized seven days after C. parvum-challenge to investigate ileal morphology, cytokines, and cationic arginine transporter (CAT-1), arginase 1, Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. In addition, we analyzed stool oocyst shedding by qRT-PCR and serum lipids. APOE4/4-TR mice had better weight gains after infection plus malnutrition compared with APOE3/3-TR and wild-type mice. APOE4/4-TR and APOE knockout mice had lower oocyst shedding, however the latter exhibited with villus blunting and higher ileal pro-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS transcripts. APOE4/4-TR mice had increased ileal CAT-1, arginase-1, and TLR9 transcripts relative to APOE knockout. Although with anti-parasitic effects, APOE deficiency exacerbates intestinal inflammatory responses and mucosal damage in undernourished and C. parvum-infected mice. In addition, the human APOE4 gene was found to be protective against the compounded insult of Cryptosporidium infection plus malnutrition, thus extending our previous findings of the protection against diarrhea in APOE4 children. Altogether our findings suggest that apoE plays a key role in the intestinal restitution and immunoinflammatory responses with Cryptosporidium infection and malnutrition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.