Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24586781›Full record

ArticlePloS one2014

Pathway analyses implicate glial cells in schizophrenia.

Laramie E Duncan, Peter A Holmans, Phil H Lee, Colm T O'Dushlaine, Andrew W Kirby, Jordan W Smoller, Dost Öngür, Bruce M Cohen

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. IncreasingBiological psychiatry global open science · 2025
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  4. Repurposing medications to prevent psychosis.Npj mental health research · 2025
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  8. Review
  9. Intracellular Signaling Cascades in Bipolar Disorder.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2021
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. An Overview of Animal Models Related to Schizophrenia.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2019
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. The tetrapartite synapse: a key concept in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2018
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Laramie E DuncanDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America ; Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit (PNGU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America ; Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America ; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America ; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Peter A HolmansMRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
Phil H LeePsychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit (PNGU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America ; Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America ; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America ; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America ; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (ATGU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Colm T O'DushlaineStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Andrew W KirbyAnalytic and Translational Genetics Unit (ATGU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Jordan W SmollerPsychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit (PNGU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America ; Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Dost ÖngürDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America ; Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Bruce M CohenDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America ; Shervert Frazier Research Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Massachusetts General Hospital · USMcLean Hospital · USBroad Institute · USCardiff University · GBHarvard University · US

Funding

Training Program in Psychiatric Genetics and Translational ResearchT32MH017119 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI KARESTAN C KOENEN, Jukka-Pekka Onnela · 1985 to 2026
$8.9M
Research and Mentoring on Integrating Psychiatric Genetics and NeuroscienceK24MH094614 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI SMOLLER, JORDAN W · 2012 to 2016
$925k
Genetics of Glutamatergic NeurotransmissionR21MH096107 · NIMH · MCLEAN HOSPITAL · PI ONGUR, DOST · 2012 to 2013
$416k
Neuroimaging genetics to study social cognitive deficits in ASD and schizophreniaK99MH101367 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI LEE, PHIL H. · 2014 to 2015
$237k
Medical Research Council MR/L010305/1NIMH NIH HHS K24 MH094614NIMH NIH HHS K24MH094614NIMH NIH HHS K99 MH101367NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH096107NIMH NIH HHS R21MH096107-01A1NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH017119NIMH NIH HHS T32MH017119
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe quest to understand the neurobiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is ongoing with multiple lines of evidence indicating abnormalities of glia, mitochondria, and glutamate in both disorders. Despite high heritability estimates of 81% for schizophrenia and 75% for bipolar disorder, compelling links between findings from neurobiological studies, and findings from large-scale genetic analyses, are only beginning to emerge.

methodTen publically available gene sets (pathways) related to glia, mitochondria, and glutamate were tested for association to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder using MAGENTA as the primary analysis method. To determine the robustness of associations, secondary analyses were performed with: ALIGATOR, INRICH, and Set Screen. Data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) were used for all analyses. There were 1,068,286 SNP-level p-values for schizophrenia (9,394 cases/12,462 controls), and 2,088,878 SNP-level p-values for bipolar disorder (7,481 cases/9,250 controls).

resultsThe Glia-Oligodendrocyte pathway was associated with schizophrenia, after correction for multiple tests, according to primary analysis (MAGENTA p = 0.0005, 75% requirement for individual gene significance) and also achieved nominal levels of significance with INRICH (p = 0.0057) and ALIGATOR (p = 0.022). For bipolar disorder, Set Screen yielded nominally and method-wide significant associations to all three glial pathways, with strongest association to the Glia-Astrocyte pathway (p = 0.002).

conclusionsConsistent with findings of white matter abnormalities in schizophrenia by other methods of study, the Glia-Oligodendrocyte pathway was associated with schizophrenia in our genomic study. These findings suggest that the abnormalities of myelination observed in schizophrenia are at least in part due to inherited factors, contrasted with the alternative of purely environmental causes (e.g. medication effects or lifestyle). While not the primary purpose of our study, our results also highlight the consequential nature of alternative choices regarding pathway analysis, in that results varied somewhat across methods, despite application to identical datasets and pathways.

Indexed as

Bipolar DisorderCase-Control StudiesGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenome-Wide Association StudyGlutamic AcidHumansMitochondriaNeurogliaPolymorphism, Single NucleotideSchizophreniaSignal TransductionGlutamic Acid

Identifiers

PMID24586781
PMCPMC3933626
OpenAlexW2080240579

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.