ArticlePloS one2014
Infrastructure and contamination of the physical environment in three Bangladeshi hospitals: putting infection control into context.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of a Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Program on Handwashing with a Cleansing Agent among Diarrhea Patients and Attendants in Healthcare Facilities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Randomized Pilot of the PICHA7 Program.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Trial
- Efficacy of higher-dose levamisole in maintaining remission in steroid-dependant nephrotic syndrome.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2017Trial
- Impact of targeted infection prevention and control interventions on bloodstream infections and colonization with carbapenem-resistant organisms among hospitalized neonates, Bangladesh, 2023-2024.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026Article
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- Nipah Virus Disease: Epidemiological, Clinical, Diagnostic and Legislative Aspects of This Unpredictable Emerging Zoonosis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Review
- Infection prevention and control in tertiary care hospitals of Bangladesh: results from WHO infection prevention and control assessment framework (IPCAF).Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2022Article
- What does family involvement in care provision look like across hospital settings in Bangladesh, Indonesia, and South Korea?BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Assessment of Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Food Service Staff in Bangladeshi Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Determinants of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection Among University Students in Central Bangladesh.Journal of community health · 2022Article
- A qualitative study exploring hand hygiene practices in a neonatal unit in Blantyre, Malawi: implications for controlling healthcare-associated infections.Wellcome open research · 2022Article
- Examining pulmonary TB patient management and healthcare workers exposures in two public tertiary care hospitals, Bangladesh.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Assessment of the incidence and etiology of nosocomial diarrhea in a medical ward in Iraq.Journal of medicine and life · 2022Article
- Challenges and opportunities for infection prevention and control in hospitals in conflict-affected settings: a qualitative study.Conflict and health · 2021Article
- Barriers and Opportunities for Sustainable Hand Hygiene Interventions in Rural Liberian Hospitals.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Use of Antimicrobials among Suspected COVID-19 Patients at Selected Hospitals, Bangladesh: Findings from the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Implementation status of national tuberculosis infection control guidelines in Bangladeshi hospitals.PloS one · 2021Article
- A systematic assessment on COVID-19 preparedness and transition strategy in Bangladesh.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2020Article
- Challenges regarding the control of environmental sources of contamination in healthcare settings in low-and middle-income countries - a narrative review.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2020Review
- A tuberculin skin test survey among healthcare workers in two public tertiary care hospitals in Bangladesh.PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis paper describes the physical structure and environmental contamination in selected hospital wards in three government hospitals in Bangladesh.
methodsThe qualitative research team conducted 48 hours of observation in six wards from three Bangladeshi tertiary hospitals in 2007. They recorded environmental contamination with body secretions and excretions and medical waste and observed ward occupant handwashing and use of personal protective equipment. They recorded number of persons, number of open doors and windows, and use of fans. They measured the ward area and informally observed waste disposal outside the wards. They conducted nine focus group discussions with doctors, nurses and support staff.
resultsA median of 3.7 persons were present per 10 m(2) of floor space in the wards. A median of 4.9 uncovered coughs or sneezes were recorded per 10 m(2) per hour per ward. Floors in the wards were soiled with saliva, spit, mucous, vomitus, feces and blood 125 times in 48 hours. Only two of the 12 patient handwashing stations had running water and none had soap. No disinfection was observed before or after using medical instruments. Used medical supplies were often discarded in open containers under the beds. Handwashing with soap was observed in only 32 of 3,373 handwashing opportunities noted during 48 hours. Mosquitoes and feral cats were commonly observed in the wards.
conclusionsThe physical structure and environment of our study hospitals are conducive to the spread of infection to people in the wards. Low-cost interventions on hand hygiene and cleaning procedures for rooms and medical equipment should be developed and evaluated for their practicality and effectiveness.
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Registered trials
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