Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24586457›Full record

ArticlePloS one2014

Diabetic nephropathy and its risk factors in a society with a type 2 diabetes epidemic: a Saudi National Diabetes Registry-based study.

Khalid Al-Rubeaan, Amira M Youssef, Shazia N Subhani, Najlaa A Ahmad, Ahmad H Al-Sharqawi, Hind M Al-Mutlaq, Satish K David, Dhekra AlNaqeb

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Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
100citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

100 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Khalid Al-RubeaanUniversity Diabetes Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Amira M YoussefRegistry Department, University Diabetes Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Shazia N SubhaniDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Najlaa A AhmadBiostatistics Department, University Diabetes Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmad H Al-SharqawiBiostatistics Department, University Diabetes Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Hind M Al-MutlaqFamily and Community Medicine Department, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
Satish K DavidInformation Technology Department, Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Dhekra AlNaqebResearch Department, University Diabetes Center, King Saud University, Riyadh Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsThe prevalence of diabetic nephropathy and its risk factors have not been studied in a society known to have diabetes epidemic like Saudi Arabia. Using a large data base registry will provide a better understanding and accurate assessment of this chronic complication and its related risk factors. METHODOLOGY: A total of 54,670 patients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥ 25 years were selected from the Saudi National Diabetes Registry (SNDR) and analyzed for the presence of diabetic nephropathy. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) criterion was used to identify cases with microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria and end stage renal disease (ESRD) for prevalence estimation and risk factor assessment.

resultsThe overall prevalence of diabetic nephropathy was 10.8%, divided into 1.2% microalbuminuria, 8.1%macroalbuninuria and 1.5% ESRD. Age and diabetes duration as important risk factors have a strong impact on the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy, ranging from 3.7% in patients aged 25-44 years and a duration of >5 years, to 21.8% in patients ≥ 65 years with a diabetes duration of ≥ 15 years. Diabetes duration, retinopathy, neuropathy, hypertension, age >45 years, hyperlipidemia, male gender, smoking, and chronologically, poor glycemic control has a significantly high risk for diabetic nephropathy.

conclusionThe prevalence of diabetic nephropathy is underestimated as a result of a shortage of screening programs. Risk factors related to diabetic nephropathy in this society are similar to other societies. There is thus an urgent need for screening and prevention programs for diabetic nephropathy among the Saudi population.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAged, 80 and overAlbuminuriaDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic NephropathiesFemaleHumansHyperlipidemiasKidney Failure, ChronicMaleMiddle AgedOdds RatioPrevalenceRegistriesRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID24586457
PMCPMC3931705

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.