ArticlePLoS pathogens2014
The microRNAs in an ancient protist repress the variant-specific surface protein expression by targeting the entire coding sequence.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2026Review
- Exploration ofParasitology · 2024Review
- Decoding the impact of nuclear organization on antigenic variation in parasites.Nature microbiology · 2023Review
- Shared Mechanisms for Mutually Exclusive Expression and Antigenic Variation by Protozoan Parasites.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Histone deacetylase inhibitors induce expression of chromosomally tagged variant-specific surface protein genes in Giardia lamblia.BMC research notes · 2020Article
- High Cysteine Membrane Proteins (HCMPs) Are Up-Regulated DuringFrontiers in genetics · 2020Article
- Recent advances in functional research in Giardia intestinalis.Advances in parasitology · 2020Review
- Giardia lamblia miRNAs as a new diagnostic tool for human giardiasis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Comprehensive Evolutionary Analysis of the Major RNA-Induced Silencing Complex Members.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Article
- Article
- Coordinated Changes in Gene Expression Throughout Encystation of Giardia intestinalis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Article
- A Unique Virulence Gene Occupies a Principal Position in Immune Evasion by the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum.PLoS genetics · 2015Article
- Both endo-siRNAs and tRNA-derived small RNAs are involved in the differentiation of primitive eukaryote Giardia lamblia.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNA) have been detected in the deeply branched protist, Giardia lamblia, and shown to repress expression of the family of variant-specific surface proteins (VSPs), only one of which is expressed in Giardia trophozoite at a given time. Three next-generation sequencing libraries of Giardia Argonaute-associated small RNAs were constructed and analyzed. Analysis of the libraries identified a total of 99 new putative miRNAs with a size primarily in the 26 nt range similar to the size previously predicted by the Giardia Dicer crystal structure and identified by our own studies. Bioinformatic analysis identified multiple putative miRNA target sites in the mRNAs of all 73 VSPs. The effect of miRNA target sites within a defined 3'-region were tested on two vsp mRNAs. All the miRNAs showed partial repression of the corresponding vsp expression and were additive when the targeting sites were separately located. But the combined repression still falls short of 100%. Two other relatively short vsp mRNAs with 15 and 11 putative miRNA target sites identified throughout their ORFs were tested with their corresponding miRNAs. The results indicate that; (1) near 100% repression of vsp mRNA expression can be achieved through the combined action of multiple miRNAs on target sites located throughout the ORF; (2) the miRNA machinery could be instrumental in repressing the expression of vsp genes in Giardia; (3) this is the first time that all the miRNA target sites in the entire ORF of a mRNA have been tested and shown to be functional.
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Registered trials
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