ArticleJournal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology2014
Depressive Symptoms and Longitudinal Changes in Cognition: Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging.
Article in Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00631332 (Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Cognitive Aging), which is not on this map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Cognitive Aging: Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging (WHISCA)
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms that Predict Cognitive Decline or Impairment in Cognitively Normal Middle-Aged or Older Adults: a Meta-Analysis.Neuropsychology review · 2020Pooled it
- Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms and Associated Factors Among Reproductive Age Women in Khwisero, Western Kenya: A Longitudinal Community-based Study.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2025Article
- Persistent depressive symptom trajectory is associated with cognitive impairment: a population-based longitudinal study of aging in Taiwan.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Article
- Association between cognitive functioning and lifetime suicidal ideation among Chinese older adults: the mediating effect of depression.European geriatric medicine · 2024Article
- Baseline Depressive Symptoms as a Predictor of Incident Dementia in a Prospectively Followed Cohort of Elders with Essential Tremor.Neuro-degenerative diseases · 2024Article
- Depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between diabetes and cognitive performance in a community-based sample of older adults.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2022Article
- The Foreclosure Crisis, Community Change, and the Cognitive Health of Older Adults.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2021Article
- Increase in Number of Depression Symptoms Over Time is Related to Worse Cognitive Outcomes in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2021Article
- Exploring Language Learning as a Potential Tool against Cognitive Impairment in Late-Life Depression: Two Meta-Analyses and Suggestions for Future Research.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Late life depressive symptoms and cognitive function among older Mexican adults: the past and the present.Aging & mental health · 2020Article
- Trajectories of maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms from pregnancy to five years postpartum and their prenatal predictors.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2019Article
- Genetic Analysis of Mitochondrial Ribosomal Proteins and Cognitive Aging in Postmenopausal Women.Frontiers in genetics · 2017Article
- Sex Differences in the Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Risk of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2017Article
- Which type of social activities may reduce cognitive decline in the elderly?: a longitudinal population-based study.BMC geriatrics · 2016Article
- Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults and Risk of Dementia.JAMA psychiatry · 2016Article
- Dual Trajectories of Depression and Cognition: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2016Article
- Longitudinal Cognitive Trajectories of Women Veterans from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study.The Gerontologist · 2016Article
- Prolonged ovarian hormone deprivation alters the effects of 17β-estradiol on microRNA expression in the aged female rat hypothalamus.Oncotarget · 2015Article
- Barriers to Mental Health Treatment in Rural Older Adults.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Elevated depressive symptoms (DS) are associated with incident mild cognitive impairment and probable dementia in postmenopausal women. We examined the association of elevated DS with domain-specific cognitive changes and the moderating role of cardiovascular risk factor severity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). A total of 2221 elderly women who participated in the Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging were separated into those with (N = 204) and without (N = 2017) elevated DS. The DS and multidomain cognitive outcomes were measured annually for an average follow-up of 5.04 years. Women with elevated DS showed baseline multidomain cognitive deficits but longitudinal declines in global cognition only. Persistent DS was related to greater global cognition, verbal knowledge and fluency, and memory declines. Significant DS-CVD interactions were observed cross-sectionally (but not longitudinally) for figural memory and fine motor speed. Future studies should investigate the role of nonvascular mechanisms linking DS and cognitive decline.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.