ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2014
Establishment of intestinal microbiota during early life: a longitudinal, explorative study of a large cohort of Danish infants.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 284 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
284 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 516 citations in OpenAlex.
- Difference in the Intestinal Microbiota between Breastfeed Infants and Infants Fed with Artificial Milk: A Systematic Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- The effect of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota in children - a systematic review.Frontiers in allergy · 2024Pooled it
- Characterizing the Composition of the Pediatric Gut Microbiome: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2019Pooled it
- Effect of Supplementation withNutrients · 2026Trial
- Effect of Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB 30351 drops on symptoms of infantile functional gastrointestinal disorders and gut microbiota in early infants: Results from a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Intestinal Microbial Composition of Children in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Probiotics to Treat Acute Gastroenteritis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Trial
- Effects of Whole-Grain and Sugar Content in Infant Cereals on Gut Microbiota at Weaning: A Randomized Trial.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiome composition associated with vitamin D supplementation in Taiwanese infants.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Neonatal diet alters fecal microbiota and metabolome profiles at different ages in infants fed breast milk or formula.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Mediation Analysis as a Means of Identifying Dietary Components That Differentially Affect the Fecal Microbiota of Infants Weaned by Modified Baby-Led and Traditional Approaches.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2018Trial
- Gut microbiota translocation and dissemination in health: can it be beneficial and purposeful?Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Time to rethink prevention of neonatal group B streptococcal disease.Seminars in immunopathology · 2026Review
- Changes in bacterial and metabolic profiles in breastfed infants during dietary transition to solids.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- The development of residential gut microbiota in mice at different phases in early life.iScience · 2026Article
- High early-life gut Bacteroides links to microbiome stability, resilience, and risk for childhood infections.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- The Gut Microbiome in Early Ontogeny: Implications for Brain and Immune System Development.Journal of developmental biology · 2026Review
- Dual human milk oligosaccharide-fibre utilisation is a selection cue for the weaning gut microbiome.Nature communications · 2026Observational
224 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fecal samples were obtained from a cohort of 330 healthy Danish infants at 9, 18, and 36 months after birth, enabling characterization of interbacterial relationships by use of quantitative PCR targeting 31 selected bacterial 16S rRNA gene targets representing different phylogenetic levels. Nutritional parameters and measures of growth and body composition were determined and investigated in relation to the observed development in microbiota composition. We found that significant changes in the gut microbiota occurred, particularly from age 9 to 18 months, when cessation of breastfeeding and introduction of a complementary feeding induce replacement of a microbiota characterized by lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae with a microbiota dominated by Clostridium spp. and Bacteroides spp. Classification of samples by a proxy enterotype based on the relative levels of Bacteroides spp. and Prevotella spp. showed that enterotype establishment occurs between 9 and 36 months. Thirty percent of the individuals shifted enterotype between 18 and 36 months. The composition of the microbiota was most pronouncedly influenced by the time of cessation of breastfeeding. From 9 to 18 months, a positive correlation was observed between the increase in body mass index and the increase of the short-chain-fatty-acid-producing clostridia, the Clostridum leptum group, and Eubacterium hallii. Considering previously established positive associations between rapid infant weight gain, early breastfeeding discontinuation, and later-life obesity, the corresponding microbial findings seen here warrant attention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.