Trial reportOncotarget2014
Immune regulation by low doses of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacitidine in common human epithelial cancers.
Trial report in Oncotarget, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03941496 (Phase 1b/2a Safety and Immunogenicity of the DNMT Inhibitor Azacitidine During Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 271 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase 1b/2a Safety and Immunogenicity of the DNMT Inhibitor Azacitidine During Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy
Who cites it
271 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 438 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of Epigenetic Therapies for Treatment of IDH-mutant Glioma.World neurosurgery · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of polymorphisms within genes involved in regulating DNA methylation in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer enrolled in three independent, randomised, open-label clinical trials: a meta-analysis from TRIBE, MAVERICC and FIRE-3.European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) · 2019Pooled it
- Incorporating DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors (DNMTis) in the Treatment of Genitourinary Malignancies: A Systematic Review.Targeted oncology · 2018Pooled it
- A randomized phase 2 trial of azacitidine with or without durvalumab as first-line therapy for higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes.Blood advances · 2022Trial
- A randomized phase 2 trial of azacitidine with or without durvalumab as first-line therapy for older patients with AML.Blood advances · 2022Trial
- Pembrolizumab plus azacitidine in patients with chemotherapy refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: a single-arm phase 2 trial and correlative biomarker analysis.Clinical epigenetics · 2022Trial
- Characterization of the immune response in patients with cancer of the oral cavity after neoadjuvant immunotherapy with the IRX-2 regimen.Oral oncology · 2021Trial
- A feasibility study of combined epigenetic and vaccine therapy in advanced colorectal cancer with pharmacodynamic endpoint.Clinical epigenetics · 2021Trial
- An open-label, phase II multicohort study of an oral hypomethylating agent CC-486 and durvalumab in advanced solid tumors.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2020Trial
- Phase I Study of CC-486 Alone and in Combination with Carboplatin or nab-Paclitaxel in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumors.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2018Trial
- DNA Hypomethylating Agents Preserve T-cell Stemness and Potentiate the Efficacy of CD3-Bispecific Antibodies.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- Transposable Element Activation: A Hallmark of Cancer.Cancer discovery · 2026Review
- Article
- Advances in the molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of LEMD1 in tumor development and progression (Review).Molecular and clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Viral mimicry acts as a tumor suppressor in colitis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The Gb3-synthase A4GALT is an epigenetically regulated driver of tumor invasiveness in gastrointestinal cancer.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Clinical activity of chidamide-containing regimens after prior PD-1-based therapy in two patients with microsatellite-stable metastatic colorectal cancer: a case series and narrative review.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Overcoming immunotherapy barriers in pediatric brain tumors: epigenetic strategies.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Transcriptional regulation of disease-relevant microglial activation programs.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- DNA-demethylation by DAC inducesMolecular therapy. Oncology · 2025Article
211 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Epigenetic therapy is emerging as a potential therapy for solid tumors. To investigate its mechanism of action, we performed integrative expression and methylation analysis of 63 cancer cell lines (breast, colorectal, and ovarian) after treatment with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacitidine (AZA). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis demonstrated significant enrichment for immunomodulatory pathways in all three cancers (14.4-31.3%) including interferon signaling, antigen processing and presentation, and cytokines/chemokines. Strong upregulation of cancer testis antigens was also observed. An AZA IMmune gene set (AIMs) derived from the union of these immunomodulatory pathway genes classified primary tumors from all three types, into "high" and "low" AIM gene expression subsets in tumor expression data from both TCGA and GEO. Samples from selected patient biopsies showed upregulation of AIM genes after treatment with epigenetic therapy. These results point to a broad immune stimulatory role for DNA demethylating drugs in multiple cancers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.