ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2014
Evaluation of sex differences in cannabinoid dependence.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex- and Gender-Based Analysis in Cannabis Treatment Outcomes: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Highway to hell or magic smoke? The dose-dependence of ΔLearning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2018Pooled it
- Pharmacotherapy for Cannabis Use Disorder: Preclinical and Clinical Models.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2026Review
- Chronic Administration of Cannabinoid Agonists ACEA, AM1241, and CP55,940 Induce Sex-Specific Differences in Tolerance and Sex Hormone Changes in a Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Article
- Differential disruption of response alternation by precipitated ΔPharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2024Article
- Somatic and anxiety-like behaviors in male and female rats during withdrawal from the non-selective cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2024Article
- Propylene glycol and Kolliphor as solvents for systemic delivery of cannabinoids via intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes in preclinical studies: a comparative technical note.Journal of cannabis research · 2023Article
- Cannabinoid tetrad effects of oral Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) in male and female rats: sex, dose-effects and time course evaluations.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Cannabis use, abuse, and withdrawal: Cannabinergic mechanisms, clinical, and preclinical findings.Journal of neurochemistry · 2021Review
- Impact of Acute and Chronic Cannabis Use on Stress Response Regulation: Challenging the Belief That Cannabis Is an Effective Method for Coping.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Review
- Sex and Gender Interactions on the Use and Impact of Recreational Cannabis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
- Single and combined effects of plant-derived and synthetic cannabinoids on cognition and cannabinoid-associated withdrawal signs in mice.British journal of pharmacology · 2019Article
- Sex, THC, and hormones: Effects on density and sensitivity of CBDrug and alcohol dependence · 2019Article
- Dependence, withdrawal and rebound of CNS drugs: an update and regulatory considerations for new drugs development.Brain communications · 2019Review
- Prolonged Cannabidiol Treatment Lacks on Detrimental Effects on Memory, Motor Performance and Anxiety in C57BL/6J Mice.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2019Article
- Cannabidiol modulation of antinociceptive tolerance to ΔPsychopharmacology · 2018Article
- Novel behavioral assays of spontaneous and precipitated THC withdrawal in mice.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Article
- Effects of Δ9-THC and cannabidiol vapor inhalation in male and female rats.Psychopharmacology · 2018Article
- Sex-Dependent Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: A Translational Perspective.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2018Review
- The Modulating Role of Sex and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Hormones in Cannabinoid Sensitivity.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChronic recreational marijuana users often report withdrawal symptoms when trying to quit, with some reports suggesting withdrawal may be more pronounced in women. In animal models, female rodents show enhanced sensitivity to acute Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administration, but chronic administration has been studied little.
methodsSex differences in THC dependence in rats were examined. Adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 30 mg/kg THC or vehicle twice daily for 6.5 days. On day 7, rats were challenged with vehicle or rimonabant, counterbalanced across dosing groups, and were assessed for withdrawal-related behaviors.
resultsDuring chronic THC dosing, disruption of estrous cycling and weight loss (both sexes) were observed. Whereas overt signs of withdrawal were minimal in THC-treated rats challenged with vehicle, rimonabant precipitated a pronounced withdrawal syndrome in THC-dependent rats that was characterized by changes in a number of domains, including somatic (paw tremors, head twitches, and retropulsion), early-stage cognition (lack of locomotor habituation, disrupted prepulse inhibition), and affective (increased startle reactivity). With the exception of increased retropulsion in female rats, sex differences were not noted. In vehicle-treated rats, rimonabant induced puritis.
conclusionsThis study represents the first examination of THC dependence in adult rats of both sexes, extends previous findings to females, and revealed some sex differences. The results suggest that the changes that occur during precipitated withdrawal from THC extend beyond somatic signs to more nuanced disruptions of cognitive and affective functioning. The breadth of withdrawal signs observed in rodents mirrors those that have been observed in humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.