ArticleBMC pulmonary medicine2014
Inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of acrolein, nicotine, acetylaldehyde and cigarette smoke extract on human nasal epithelial cells.
Article in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Nose-Lung Axis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Emerging Interface for Clinical Endotyping, Biomarker Discovery, and Integrated Management.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- NF-E2-related factor 1 suppresses the expression of a spermine oxidase and the production of highly reactive acrolein.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Parental Smoking and Risk of Allergic Conjunctivitis in Chinese Pediatric Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2025Article
- Nicotinic regulation of microglia: potential contributions to addiction.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2024Review
- Levels of Urinary Mercapturic Acids of Acrolein, Methacrolein, Crotonaldehyde, and Methyl Vinyl Ketone in Relationship to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Cigarette Smokers of the Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study (SPIROMICS).Chemical research in toxicology · 2023Article
- Comparison of the effects of electronic cigarette vapours and tobacco smoke extracts on human neutrophilsERJ open research · 2023Article
- Diet as a Source of Acrolein: Molecular Basis of Aldehyde Biological Activity in Diabetes and Digestive System Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Review
- Evaluation of the genetic damage to workers in a Greek shipyard.Industrial health · 2022Article
- Hydrogen Sulfide Inhibits Bronchial Epithelial Cell Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Through Regulating Endoplasm Reticulum Stress.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
- Nicotine in Inflammatory Diseases: Anti-Inflammatory and Pro-Inflammatory Effects.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Short-term whole body cigarette smoke exposure induces regional differences in cellular response in the mouse larynx.Toxicology reports · 2021Article
- In vitro biological assessment of the stability of cigarette smoke aqueous aerosol extracts.BMC research notes · 2020Article
- Effect of sub-chronic exposure to cigarette smoke, electronic cigarette and waterpipe on human lung epithelial barrier function.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2020Article
- Article
- Cigarette Smoke Extract Exposure: Effects on the Interactions between Titanium Surface and Osteoblasts.BioMed research international · 2019Article
- Cytotoxicity of aqueous cigarette smoke extract is affected by properties of pipettes used to prepare the extract.Matters · 2019Article
- N-acetyl cysteine reverts the proinflammatory state induced by cigarette smoke extract in lung Calu-3 cells.Redox biology · 2018Article
- Tobacco Smoke Induces and Alters Immune Responses in the Lung Triggering Inflammation, Allergy, Asthma and Other Lung Diseases: A Mechanistic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Review
- Immunological and toxicological risk assessment of e-cigarettes.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCigarette smoke induces a pro-inflammatory response in airway epithelial cells but it is not clear which of the various chemicals contained within cigarette smoke (CS) should be regarded as predominantly responsible for these effects. We hypothesised that acrolein, nicotine and acetylaldehyde, important chemicals contained within volatile cigarette smoke in terms of inducing inflammation and causing addiction, have immunomodulatory effects in primary nasal epithelial cell cultures (PNECs).
methodsPNECs from 19 healthy subjects were grown in submerged cultures and were incubated with acrolein, nicotine or acetylaldehyde prior to stimulation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (PA LPS). Experiments were repeated using cigarette smoke extract (CSE) for comparison. IL-8 was measured by ELISA, activation of NF-κB by ELISA and Western blotting, and caspase-3 activity by Western blotting. Apoptosis was evaluated using Annexin-V staining and the terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method.
resultsCSE was pro-inflammatory after a 24 h exposure and 42% of cells were apoptotic or necrotic after this exposure time. Acrolein was pro-inflammatory for the PNEC cultures (30 μM exposure for 4 h inducing a 2.0 fold increase in IL-8 release) and also increased IL-8 release after stimulation with PA LPS. In contrast, nicotine had anti-inflammatory properties (0.6 fold IL-8 release after 50 μM exposure to nicotine for 24 h), and acetylaldehyde was without effect. Acrolein and nicotine had cellular stimulatory and anti-inflammatory effects respectively, as determined by NF-κB activation. Both chemicals increased levels of cleaved caspase 3 and induced cell death.
conclusionsAcrolein is pro-inflammatory and nicotine anti-inflammatory in PNEC cultures. CSE induces cell death predominantly by apoptotic mechanisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.