ArticleDepression and anxiety2014
Risk factors for anxiety disorders: common and specific effects in a national sample.
Article in Depression and anxiety, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 149 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence Rates of Depression and Anxiety among Young Rural and Urban Australians: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Mental illness and health literacy in people with cancer: the Australian National Health Survey analysis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Distinct Gut Microbiome Characteristics Associated with Mental Health Symptoms of Healthy Adults.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Identifying Adolescents at Risk for Emotional Disorders with Latent Profile Analysis: A Personalized, Transdiagnostic Preventive Intervention.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Disentangling comorbidity: symptom dimensions of internalizing and functional disorders in a large general population sample.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Introducing anxiety as a risk factor of gastric cancer.Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench · 2026Article
- Machine learning-based prediction of anxiety disorders using blood metabolite and social trait data from the UK Biobank.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Anxiety disorders in the Middle East and North Africa region; 1990 to 2021.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2025Article
- Prevalence of anxiety disorders in Latin America: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Prevalence of depression and anxiety among school going adolescents of Delhi: A cross-sectional study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Generalised anxiety disorder and its determinants amongst patients with diabetes in primary healthcare clinics: a cross-sectional study in Kuwait City, 2024.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Dissociable contributions of the amygdala and ventral hippocampus to stress-induced changes in defensive behavior.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Trends in the use and nonmedical use of sedatives-hypnotics in the population aged 12 to 64 years in Taiwan: a comparative analysis of the national surveys in 2014 and 2018.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Psychological strains after the crisis: evaluating separation anxiety among Iranian children and adolescents in the post-COVID-19 era.BMC psychology · 2024Article
- Identification of latent classes in mood and anxiety disorders and their transitions over time: a follow-up study in the adult general population.Psychological medicine · 2024Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy in the Casablanca-Settat region of Morocco: A cross-sectional study.Epilepsia open · 2024Article
- The influence of the gut-brain axis on anxiety and depression: A review of the literature on the use of probiotics.Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2024Review
- Burden and Epidemiology of Mental Disorders in the Middle East and North Africa from 1990 to 2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease StudyBalkan medical journal · 2024Article
- Violence Exposure, Self-Reported Mental Health Concerns and Use of Alcohol and Drugs for Coping among Youth in the Slums of Kampala, Uganda.International journal of mental health · 2024Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAnxiety disorders and major depressive disorder (MDD) often co-occur and share a broad range of risk factors. The goal of this study was to examine whether the co-occurrence of anxiety disorders and MDD could be explained by an underlying latent factor and whether the risk factors exert their effect exclusively through this factor, directly on each disorder, or through a combination of effects at both levels.
methodsData were drawn from a large, nationally representative sample. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to identify the latent structure of anxiety disorders. A multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) approach was used to assess the common and specific effects of risk factors for anxiety disorders.
resultsA one-factor model provided a good fit to the co-occurrence of anxiety disorders. Low self-esteem, family history of depression, female sex, childhood sexual abuse, White race, years of education, number of traumatic experiences, and disturbed family environment increased the risk of anxiety disorders and MDD through their effect on the latent factor. There were also several direct effects of the covariates on the disorders, indicating that the effect of the covariates differed across disorders.
conclusionsRisk for anxiety disorders and MDD appears to be mediated partially by a latent variable underlying anxiety disorders and MDD, and partially by disorder-specific effects. These findings may contribute to account for the high rates of comorbidity among disorders, identify commonalities in the etiologies of these disorders, and provide clues for the development of unified preventive interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.