ArticlePhysiology & behavior2014
Peripheral interleukin-2 level is associated with negative symptoms and cognitive performance in schizophrenia.
Article in Physiology & behavior, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationship between immune and cognitive dysfunction in mood and psychotic disorder: a systematic review and a meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Protein-C Reactive as Biomarker Predictor of Schizophrenia Phases of Illness? A Systematic Review.Current neuropharmacology · 2018Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of blood cytokine network alterations in psychiatric patients: comparisons between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression.Molecular psychiatry · 2016Pooled it
- Exploring the Relationship Between Inflammatory Biomarkers and Negative Symptoms Subtypes in Individuals at Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis.Early intervention in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Clinical Relevance of Peripheral Interleukins in Drug-Naive First-Episode Psychosis: Symptom-Specific Associations from the PANSS Dimensions.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Autistic Traits in Schizophrenia: Immune Mechanisms and Inflammatory Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- White matter hyperintensities, inflammation and cognitive impairments in drug-naïve first episode schizophrenia patients: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Shared interactions of six neurotropic viruses with 38 human proteins: a computational and literature-based exploration of viral interactions and hijacking of human proteins in neuropsychiatric disorders.Discover mental health · 2025Article
- Evaluation of gene-gene interaction between the interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-2RA gene polymorphisms in schizophrenia patients in the Turkish Population.Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) · 2024Article
- Network analysis of inflammation and symptoms in recent onset schizophrenia and the influence of minocycline during a clinical trial.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- Review
- The Influence of Antipsychotic Treatment on the Activity of Abzymes Targeting Myelin and Levels of Inflammation Markers in Patients with Schizophrenia.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- The Interrelation between Interleukin-2 and Schizophrenia.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Redefining the Cut-Off Ranges for TSH Based on the Clinical Picture, Results of Neuroimaging and Laboratory Tests in Unsupervised Cluster Analysis as Individualized Diagnosis of Early Schizophrenia.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- The impact of inflammation on neurocognition and risk for psychosis: a critical review.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2020Review
- The Role of Aberrations in the Immune-Inflammatory Response System (IRS) and the Compensatory Immune-Regulatory Reflex System (CIRS) in Different Phenotypes of Schizophrenia: the IRS-CIRS Theory of Schizophrenia.Molecular neurobiology · 2020Review
- Inflammation and Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Implications for Reward Processing and Motivational Deficits.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Review
- Association of baseline inflammatory markers and the development of negative symptoms in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2019Article
- Cytokine Alterations in Schizophrenia: An Updated Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Review
- TNF-α and IL-6 are associated with the deficit syndrome and negative symptoms in patients with chronic schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although several studies have pointed to a possible role of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in schizophrenia (SZ), association between IL-2 and the different groups of symptoms has not been explored. The objective of this study was to investigate a possible correlation of peripheral IL-2 levels with symptoms and cognitive performance in patients with SZ. In addition, we compared the plasma levels of IL-2 between patients with SZ and healthy controls. Twenty-nine chronically medicated outpatients with SZ according to DSM-IV were compared with twenty-six healthy controls. The patients were evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). All the participants had blood collected into EDTA tubes by venipuncture between 9:00 and 10:00AM. Plasma concentrations of IL-2 were determined by cytometric bead array. A computerized neuropsychological battery assessed verbal learning, verbal fluency, working memory, set shifting, executive function, inhibition and intelligence. Patients with SZ had lower levels of IL-2 than healthy controls (p<0.001). In the SZ group, IL-2 levels were positively correlated with scores in the digit span test (rho=0.416, P=0.025) and intelligence (rho=0.464, P=0.011). We also found a negative correlation between IL-2 and total score in the negative subscale of PANSS (rho=-0.447, p=0.015). Our findings suggest that IL-2 may be involved in the mechanisms related to cognitive deterioration and negative symptomatology in schizophrenia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.