Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24576380›Full record

ArticleGlobal journal of health science2013

Betel nut usage is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease.

Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Faizan Imran Bawany, Muhammad Umer Ahmed, Mehwish Hussain, Asadullah Khan, Muhammad Nawaz Lashari

Abstract read
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Article in Global journal of health science, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Inverse Association Between Betel Quid Use and Diabetes in Rural Bangladesh.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Muhammad Shahzeb KhanDow Medical College. shahzebkhan@gmail.com.
Faizan Imran Bawany
Muhammad Umer Ahmed
Mehwish Hussain
Asadullah Khan
Muhammad Nawaz Lashari

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimThe objective of our study was to assess betel nut usage as one of the major risk factors associated with coronary artery disease.

methodsThis case control study consisted of 300 controls and 300 cases. A structured questionnaire was administered to the participants to assess consumption of betel nut and confounding variables. A respondent was considered a regular consumer of betel nut if he/she consumed one or more pieces of betel nut every day for a period of greater than 6 months.

resultsAbout 8 in 10 betel nut chewers developed coronary artery disease. After adjusting for diabetes and hypertension, the odds ratio analysis depicted 7.72 times greater likelihood for coronary artery disease in patients who chewed betel nut for more than 10 years.

conclusionOur study concludes that betel nut chewing is a significant risk factor leading to the development of coronary artery disease.

Indexed as

ArecaCase-Control StudiesCoronary Artery DiseaseFemaleHumansMaleMasticationMiddle AgedPakistanRisk FactorsSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID24576380
PMCPMC4825463

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.