ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2014
The agricultural antibiotic carbadox induces phage-mediated gene transfer in Salmonella.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
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- In silico design and evaluation of a candidate multiepitope Salmonella vaccine construct targeting broad-spectrum protection in poultry.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Reduced ROS-associated prophage induction in a lepA mutant contributes to increased fluoroquinolone persistence in Salmonella Typhimurium.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Reversible excision of the wzy locus in Salmonella Typhimurium may aid recovery following phage predation.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- Metagenomics as a Transformative Tool for Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance: Highlighting the Impact of Mobile Genetic Elements with a Focus on the Complex Role of Phages.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
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- The Post-Antibiotic Era: A New Dawn for Bacteriophages.Biology · 2023Review
- DNA Gyrase Inhibitors Increase the Frequency of Bacteriophage-like RcGTA-Mediated Gene Transfer inGenes · 2022Article
- Molecular Characterization of pBOq-IncQ and pBOq-95LK Plasmids ofMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Relationship and distribution of Salmonella enterica serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- strain sequences in the NCBI Pathogen Detection database.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- The bacteriophage decides own tracks: When they are with or against the bacteria.Current research in microbial sciences · 2021Review
- The Age of Phage: Friend or Foe in the New Dawn of Therapeutic and Biocontrol Applications?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Exploring the Remarkable Diversity of CulturableViruses · 2020Article
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- Cross-Domain and Viral Interactions in the Microbiome.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2019Review
- Prophages in Salmonella enterica: a driving force in reshaping the genome and physiology of their bacterial host?Molecular microbiology · 2019Review
- A diversity-generating retroelement encoded by a globally ubiquitous Bacteroides phage.Microbiome · 2018Article
- Genes affecting progression of bacteriophage P22 infection in Salmonella identified by transposon and single gene deletion screens.Molecular microbiology · 2018Article
- The genome sequence of Escherichia coli tailed phage D6 and the diversity of Enterobacteriales circular plasmid prophages.Virology · 2018Article
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6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antibiotics are used for disease therapeutic or preventative effects in humans and animals, as well as for enhanced feed conversion efficiency in livestock. Antibiotics can also cause undesirable effects in microbial populations, including selection for antibiotic resistance, enhanced pathogen invasion, and stimulation of horizontal gene transfer. Carbadox is a veterinary antibiotic used in the US during the starter phase of swine production for improved feed efficiency and control of swine dysentery and bacterial swine enteritis. Carbadox has been shown in vitro to induce phage-encoded Shiga toxin in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and a phage-like element transferring antibiotic resistance genes in Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, but the effect of carbadox on prophages in other bacteria is unknown. This study examined carbadox exposure on prophage induction and genetic transfer in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, a human foodborne pathogen that frequently colonizes swine without causing disease. S. Typhimurium LT2 exposed to carbadox induced prophage production, resulting in bacterial cell lysis and release of virions that were visible by electron microscopy. Carbadox induction of phage-mediated gene transfer was confirmed by monitoring the transduction of a sodCIII::neo cassette in the Fels-1 prophage from LT2 to a recipient Salmonella strain. Furthermore, carbadox frequently induced generalized transducing phages in multidrug-resistant phage type DT104 and DT120 isolates, resulting in the transfer of chromosomal and plasmid DNA that included antibiotic resistance genes. Our research indicates that exposure of Salmonella to carbadox induces prophages that can transfer virulence and antibiotic resistance genes to susceptible bacterial hosts. Carbadox-induced, phage-mediated gene transfer could serve as a contributing factor in bacterial evolution during animal production, with prophages being a reservoir for bacterial fitness genes in the environment.
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