ArticleJournal of virology2014
Varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus 1 can infect and replicate in the same neurons whether co- or superinfected.
Article in Journal of virology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Double trouble: how co- and superinfections shape viral dynamics and host responses.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- HSV-1 and VZV co-reactivation: implications for worsening neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Review
- Biological relevance ofMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Strategic latency with temporal mutualism: a coevolutionary model of the host-varicella-zoster virus relationship.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The associations of herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus infection with dementia: a nationwide retrospective cohort study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Varicella Zoster Virus Neuronal Latency and Reactivation Modeled in Vitro.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2023Review
- Viral Coinfections.Viruses · 2022Review
- Superinfection Exclusion of Alphaherpesviruses Interferes with Virion Trafficking.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Latently KSHV-Infected Cells Promote Further Establishment of Latency upon Superinfection with KSHV.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Nectin-1 Is an Entry Mediator for Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection of Human Neurons.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Downregulation of IGF1R Expression Inhibits Growth and Enhances Cisplatin Sensitivity of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells In Vitro.Hormones & cancer · 2019Article
- Virological and Immunological Outcomes of Coinfections.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2018Review
- Superinfection Exclusion between Two High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Types during a Coinfection.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Human Cytomegalovirus Particles Treated with Specific Antibodies Induce Intrinsic and Adaptive but Not Innate Immune Responses.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- An Immortalized Human Dorsal Root Ganglion Cell Line Provides a Novel Context To Study Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Latency and Reactivation.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Herpes zoster and the search for an effective vaccine.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2017Review
- The evolutionary ecology of molecular replicators.Royal Society open science · 2016Article
- gD-Independent Superinfection Exclusion of Alphaherpesviruses.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- A comparison of herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella-zoster virus latency and reactivation.The Journal of general virology · 2015Review
- In Vitro Coinfection and Replication of Classical Swine Fever Virus and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in PK15 Cells.PloS one · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledThe two human neurotropic alphaherpesviruses varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) both establish latency in sensory ganglia. Human trigeminal ganglia are known to frequently harbor both viruses, and there is evidence to suggest the presence of both VZV and HSV1 DNA in the same neuron. We ask here whether VZV and HSV1 can exclude themselves and each other and whether they can productively infect the same cells in human neurons and human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF). Simultaneous infection (coinfection) or consecutive infection (superinfection) was assessed using cell-free HSV1 and VZV expressing fluorescent reporter proteins. Automated analysis was carried out to detect singly and dually infected cells. We demonstrate that VZV and HSV1 both display efficient superinfection exclusion (SE) in HFF, with each virus excluding either itself or the other virus. While SE also occurred in neurons, it was with much lower efficiency. Both alphaherpesviruses productively infected the same neurons, whether applied simultaneously or even consecutively, albeit at lower frequencies. IMPORTANCE: Superinfection exclusion by VZV for itself or the related neurotropic alphaherpesvirus HSV1 has been studied here for the first time. We find that while these viruses display classic SE in fibroblasts, SE is less efficient for both HSV1 and VZV in human neurons. The ability of multiple VZV strains to productively infect the same neurons has important implications in terms of recombination of both wild-type and vaccine strains in patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.