Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24572369›Full record

ArticleNature2014

A transcriptional switch underlies commitment to sexual development in malaria parasites.

Björn F C Kafsack, Núria Rovira-Graells, Taane G Clark, Cristina Bancells, Valerie M Crowley, Susana G Campino, April E Williams, Laura G Drought, Dominic P Kwiatkowski, David A Baker and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 310 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
310citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

310 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  10. Single-cell analysis ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  17. Molecular mechanisms involved inFrontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Review
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250 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Björn F C Kafsack1] Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA [2] Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA (B.F.C.K.); Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, USA (V.M.C., M.L.).
Núria Rovira-Graells1] Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain [2] Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, 08028 Catalonia, Spain.
Taane G Clark1] Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK [2] Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
Cristina BancellsBarcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain.
Valerie M Crowley1] Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA [2] Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, 08028 Catalonia, Spain [3] Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA (B.F.C.K.); Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, USA (V.M.C., M.L.).
Susana G CampinoWellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.
April E WilliamsDepartment of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
Laura G DroughtFaculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
Dominic P Kwiatkowski1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK [2] Wellcome Trust Sanger Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
David A BakerFaculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
Alfred Cortés1] Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain [2] Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, 08028 Catalonia, Spain [3] Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, 08010 Catalonia, Spain.
Manuel Llinás1] Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA [2] Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA [3] Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA (B.F.C.K.); Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, USA (V.M.C., M.L.).

Funding

Spatial Patterning During DevelopmentP50GM071508 · NIGMS · PRINCETON UNIVERSITY · PI POWELL, SUSAN M · 2004 to 2013
$30.6M
PREDOCTORAL TRAINING PROGRAM IN GENETICST32GM007388 · NIGMS · PRINCETON UNIVERSITY · PI CRISTEA, ILEANA M. · 1985 to 2022
$27.4M
Regulation of Plasmodium falciparum transcriptionR01AI076276 · NIAID · PRINCETON UNIVERSITY · PI LLINAS, MANUEL · 2009 to 2013
$1.8M
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilHoward Hughes Medical InstituteMedical Research Council G0600230Medical Research Council G0600718Medical Research Council J005398NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI076276NIGMS NIH HHS P50 GM071508NIGMS NIH HHS P50GM071508NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007388Wellcome Trust 090532Wellcome Trust 090532/Z/09/ZWellcome Trust 090770Wellcome Trust 094752Wellcome Trust 098051
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The life cycles of many parasites involve transitions between disparate host species, requiring these parasites to go through multiple developmental stages adapted to each of these specialized niches. Transmission of malaria parasites (Plasmodium spp.) from humans to the mosquito vector requires differentiation from asexual stages replicating within red blood cells into non-dividing male and female gametocytes. Although gametocytes were first described in 1880, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in commitment to gametocyte formation is extremely limited, and disrupting this critical developmental transition remains a long-standing goal. Here we show that expression levels of the DNA-binding protein PfAP2-G correlate strongly with levels of gametocyte formation. Using independent forward and reverse genetics approaches, we demonstrate that PfAP2-G function is essential for parasite sexual differentiation. By combining genome-wide PfAP2-G cognate motif occurrence with global transcriptional changes resulting from PfAP2-G ablation, we identify early gametocyte genes as probable targets of PfAP2-G and show that their regulation by PfAP2-G is critical for their wild-type level expression. In the asexual blood-stage parasites pfap2-g appears to be among a set of epigenetically silenced loci prone to spontaneous activation. Stochastic activation presents a simple mechanism for a low baseline of gametocyte production. Overall, these findings identify PfAP2-G as a master regulator of sexual-stage development in malaria parasites and mark the first discovery of a transcriptional switch controlling a differentiation decision in protozoan parasites.

Indexed as

AnimalsDNA-Binding ProteinsFemaleGene Expression RegulationGene SilencingGenes, ProtozoanGenome, ProtozoanGerm CellsMalariaMaleParasitesPlasmodium falciparumProtozoan ProteinsReproduction, AsexualSex DifferentiationSexual DevelopmentDNA-Binding ProteinsProtozoan Proteins

Identifiers

PMID24572369
PMCPMC4040541

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.