ArticleGenome biology and evolution2014
Mutations enabling displacement of tryptophan by 4-fluorotryptophan as a canonical amino acid of the genetic code.
Article in Genome biology and evolution, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Residue-Specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids in Auxotrophic Hosts:Chemical reviews · 2025Review
- Triphasic Development of the Genetic Code.Chemical reviews · 2024Review
- In vivo, in vitro and in silico: an open space for the development of microbe-based applications of synthetic biology.Microbial biotechnology · 2022Article
- How To Quantify a Genetic Firewall? A Polarity-Based Metric for Genetic Code Engineering.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2021Article
- Multiomics Analysis Provides Insight into the Laboratory Evolution ofACS central science · 2021Article
- Hurdling and Hurtling Toward New Genetic Codes.ACS central science · 2021Article
- Biochemistry of fluoroprolines: the prospect of making fluorine a bioelement.Beilstein journal of organic chemistry · 2021Review
- Adaptive Properties of the Genetically Encoded Amino Acid Alphabet Are Inherited from Its Subsets.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Review
- Expanding beyond canonical metabolism: Interfacing alternative elements, synthetic biology, and metabolic engineering.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2018Review
- Evolving Bacterial Fitness with an Expanded Genetic Code.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Effects of Heterologous tRNA Modifications on the Production of Proteins Containing Noncanonical Amino Acids.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Rewriting the Genetic Code.Annual review of microbiology · 2017Review
- Efforts and Challenges in Engineering the Genetic Code.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Review
- Future of the Genetic Code.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Review
- Development of Bacillus subtilis mutants to produce tryptophan in pigs.Biotechnology letters · 2017Article
- Coevolution Theory of the Genetic Code at Age Forty: Pathway to Translation and Synthetic Life.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Article
- Chemical Evolution of a Bacterial Proteome.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2015Article
- Highlight: Changing the canon--revisiting a classic experiment to alter the genetic code.Genome biology and evolution · 2014Article
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9 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The 20 canonical amino acids of the genetic code have been invariant over 3 billion years of biological evolution. Although various aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases can charge their cognate tRNAs with amino acid analogs, there has been no known displacement of any canonical amino acid from the code. Experimental departure from this universal protein alphabet comprising the canonical amino acids was first achieved in the mutants of the Bacillus subtilis QB928 strain, which after serial selection and mutagenesis led to the HR23 strain that could use 4-fluorotryptophan (4FTrp) but not canonical tryptophan (Trp) for propagation. To gain insight into this displacement of Trp from the genetic code by 4FTrp, genome sequencing was performed on LC33 (a precursor strain of HR23), HR23, and TR7 (a revertant of HR23 that regained the capacity to propagate on Trp). Compared with QB928, the negative regulator mtrB of Trp transport was found to be knocked out in LC33, HR23, and TR7, and sigma factor sigB was mutated in HR23 and TR7. Moreover, rpoBC encoding RNA polymerase subunits were mutated in three independent isolates of TR7 relative to HR23. Increased expression of sigB was also observed in HR23 and in TR7 growing under 4FTrp. These findings indicated that stabilization of the genetic code can be provided by just a small number of analog-sensitive proteins, forming an oligogenic barrier that safeguards the canonical amino acids throughout biological evolution.
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