ArticleSpringerPlus2014
Will women soon outperform men in open-water ultra-distance swimming in the 'Maratona del Golfo Capri-Napoli'?
Article in SpringerPlus, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Women in the triathlon-the differences between female and male triathletes: a narrative review.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Review
- Origin of the Fastest 5 km, 10 km and 25 km Open-Water Swimmers-An Analysis from 20 Years and 9819 Swimmers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Changes in Sex Difference in Time-Limited Ultra-Cycling Races from 6 Hours to 24 Hours.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Article
- Sex Differences in Swimming Disciplines-Can Women Outperform Men in Swimming?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
- Race Strategies of Open Water Swimmers in the 5-km, 10-km, and 25-km Races of the 2017 FINA World Swimming Championships.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Article
- Evaluation of the Heart Function of Swimmers Subjected to Exhaustive Repetitive Endurance Efforts During a 500-km Relay.Frontiers in physiology · 2019Article
- Sex difference in open-water swimming-The Triple Crown of Open Water Swimming 1875-2017.PloS one · 2018Article
- Ice swimming - 'Ice Mile' and '1 km Ice event'.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2015Article
- Women cross the 'Catalina Channel' faster than men.SpringerPlus · 2015Article
- Changes in breaststroke swimming performances in national and international athletes competing between 1994 and 2011 -a comparison with freestyle swimming performances.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2014Article
- Participation and performance trends by nationality in the 'English Channel Swim' from 1875 to 2013.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2014Article
- Changes in sex difference in swimming speed in finalists at FINA World Championships and the Olympic Games from 1992 to 2013.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2014Article
- Sex difference in top performers from Ironman to double deca iron ultra-triathlon.Open access journal of sports medicine · 2014Article
- Swimming performances in long distance open-water events with and without wetsuit.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2014Article
- Performance and sex difference in ultra-triathlon performance from Ironman to Double Deca Iron ultra-triathlon between 1978 and 2013.SpringerPlus · 2014Article
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4 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study investigated the change in sex differences across years in ultra-distance swimming performances at the 36-km 'Maratona del Golfo Capri-Napoli' race held from 1954 to 2013. Changes in swimming performance of 662 men and 228 women over the 59-year period were investigated using linear, non-linear and hierarchical regression analyses. Race times of the annual fastest swimmers decreased linearly for women from 731 min to 391 min (r (2) = 0.60, p < 0.0001) and for men from 600 min to 373 min (r (2) = 0.30, p < 0.0001). Race times of the annual top three swimmers decreased linearly between 1963 and 2013 for women from 736.8 ± 78.4 min to 396.6 ± 4.5 min (r (2) = 0.58, p < 0.0001) and for men from 627.1 ± 34.5 min to 374.1 ± 0.3 min (r (2) = 0.42, p < 0.0001). The sex difference in performance for the annual fastest decreased linearly from 39.2% (1955) to 4.7% (2013) (r (2) = 0.33, p < 0.0001). For the annual three fastest competitors, the sex difference in performance decreased linearly from 38.2 ± 14.0% (1963) to 6.0 ± 1.0% (2013) (r (2) = 0.43, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, ultra-distance swimmers improved their performance at the 'Maratona del Golfo Capri-Napoli' over the last ~60 years and the fastest women reduced the gap with the fastest men linearly from ~40% to ~5-6%. The linear change in both race times and sex differences may suggest that women will be able to achieve men's performance or even to outperform men in the near future in an open-water ultra-distance swimming event such as the 'Maratona del Golfo Capri-Napoli'.
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