ArticlePlant physiology2014
Functional analysis of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase encoding genes in triterpene saponin-producing ginseng.
Article in Plant physiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 157 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preclinical systematic review of ginsenoside Rg1 for cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease.Aging · 2021Pooled it
- Insights into Enzymes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Protopanaxadiol-Type Ginsenosides inACS omega · 2026Review
- Article
- Nitrogen form regulates ginsenoside biosynthesis inFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Sustainable Production of Ginsenosides: Advances in Biosynthesis and Metabolic Engineering.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Functional Identification and Transcriptional Activity Analysis ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review
- Progress and prospects in metabolic engineering approaches for isoprenoid biosynthesis in microalgae.Biotechnology for biofuels and bioproducts · 2025Review
- Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Potential Molecular Mechanism Underlying Squalene Biosynthesis in Developing Seeds of Oil-Tea (International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic Analysis of Cyclamen persicum to Identify Invovled Genes in Triterpene Secondary Metabolites Pathway.Biochemical genetics · 2025Article
- HMGR Modulates Strawberry Fruit Coloration and Aroma Through Regulating Terpenoid and Anthocyanin Pathways.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Saponins, the Unexplored Secondary Metabolites in Plant Defense: Opportunities in Integrated Pest Management.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Harnessing Jasmonate Pathways: PgJAR1's Impact on Ginsenoside Accumulation in Ginseng.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Transcriptome and metabolome analysis ofFrontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Genome-Wide identification and salt stress-responsive expression dynamics of the HMGR gene family in Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa.PloS one · 2025Article
- Rare ginsenosides: A unique perspective of ginseng research.Journal of advanced research · 2024Review
- Functional Analysis ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of thePlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Molecular Insights into the Role of Sterols in Microtuber Development of PotatoPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses of Aroma Differences between Chardonnay and a Chardonnay Bud Sport.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ginsenosides are glycosylated triterpenes that are considered to be important pharmaceutically active components of the ginseng (Panax ginseng 'Meyer') plant, which is known as an adaptogenic herb. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying the biosynthesis of triterpene saponin through the mevalonate pathway in ginseng remains unclear. In this study, we characterized the role of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) concerning ginsenoside biosynthesis. Through analysis of full-length complementary DNA, two forms of ginseng HMGR (PgHMGR1 and PgHMGR2) were identified as showing high sequence identity. The steady-state mRNA expression patterns of PgHMGR1 and PgHMGR2 are relatively low in seed, leaf, stem, and flower, but stronger in the petiole of seedling and root. The transcripts of PgHMGR1 were relatively constant in 3- and 6-year-old ginseng roots. However, PgHMGR2 was increased five times in the 6-year-old ginseng roots compared with the 3-year-old ginseng roots, which indicates that HMGRs have constant and specific roles in the accumulation of ginsenosides in roots. Competitive inhibition of HMGR by mevinolin caused a significant reduction of total ginsenoside in ginseng adventitious roots. Moreover, continuous dark exposure for 2 to 3 d increased the total ginsenosides content in 3-year-old ginseng after the dark-induced activity of PgHMGR1. These results suggest that PgHMGR1 is associated with the dark-dependent promotion of ginsenoside biosynthesis. We also observed that the PgHMGR1 can complement Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) hmgr1-1 and that the overexpression of PgHMGR1 enhanced the production of sterols and triterpenes in Arabidopsis and ginseng. Overall, this finding suggests that ginseng HMGRs play a regulatory role in triterpene ginsenoside biosynthesis.
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