ArticleAmerican journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism2014
Challenges and methodology for testing young healthy women in physiological studies.
Article in American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Female (Under) Representation in Exercise Thermoregulation Research.Sports medicine - open · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The effects of inorganic nitrate supplementation on exercise economy and endurance capacity across the menstrual cycle.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2023Trial
- Acute citrulline malate supplementation improves upper- and lower-body submaximal weightlifting exercise performance in resistance-trained females.European journal of nutrition · 2017Trial
- Physiological evaluation of the Calgary adapted aRm ergometer (CARE) concussion exertion test in adolescent athletes: A repeated-measures observational study.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Oral contraceptives containing ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone increase hydroxylation and methylation of endogenous estrogen but not genotoxic estrogen DNA-adduct formation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Menopause and its effects on autonomic regulation of blood pressure: Insights and perspectives.Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical · 2025Review
- Article
- Influence of endogenous and exogenous hormones on the cardiovascular response to lower extremity exercise and group III/IV activation in young females.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2024Article
- Guidelines on the use of sex and gender in cardiovascular research.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2024Review
- Determining menstrual cycle phase: An empirical examination of methodologies and recommendations for improvement in behavioral and brain sciences.Hormones and behavior · 2023Article
- The forearm vascular response to sympathetic activation is attenuated in female, but not male, participants following acute intermittent hypoxia.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2023Article
- Sex Differences in Endurance Running.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Review
- Influences of ovarian hormones on physiological responses to cold in women.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2022Review
- Decline in endothelial function across the menopause transition in healthy women is related to decreased estradiol and increased oxidative stress.GeroScience · 2020 · on this mapArticle
- Fluid Balance and Hydration Considerations for Women: Review and Future Directions.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Review
- On exercise thermoregulation in females: interaction of endogenous and exogenous ovarian hormones.The Journal of physiology · 2019Article
- Intersection between gonadal function and vascular aging in women.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2018Review
- Progesterone and plasma metabolites in women with and in those without premenstrual dysphoric disorder.Depression and anxiety · 2018Article
- Ovarian hormones modulate endothelin-1 receptor responses in young women.Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Physiological responses and control of body systems differ between women and men. Moreover, within women, female gonadal hormones have important influences on organs and systems outside of reproduction. Until the NIH Revitalization Act of 1993, laboratories focused physiological research primarily on men, and this focus placed limitations on women's health care. Thus, the NIH directive to include women required scientists and physicians studying humans to consider female reproductive physiology. Even though this directive was enacted over 20 years ago, there is still a great deal of misunderstanding as to the best methods to control hormones or account for changes in internal hormone exposure in women. This discussion describes common methods investigators use to include women in physiological studies and to examine the impact of female reproductive hormone exposure for research purposes. In some cases, the goal is to control for phase of the cycle, so women are studied when the endogenous hormones should be similar to each other. When the goal of the research is to examine the effects of hormones on a physiological response, it is important to use methods that will change hormone exposure in a controlled fashion. We recommend a method that employs gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist or antagonist to suppress estrogens, gonadotropins, progesterone, and androgens followed by administration of these hormones. While this method is more invasive, it is safe and is the strongest research design to examine both hormone effects within women and between women and men.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.