ArticlePhilosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences2014
Single-photon imaging in complementary metal oxide semiconductor processes.
Article in Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Simulation-Based Design of a Silicon SPAD with Dead-Space-Aware Avalanche Region for Picosecond-Resolved Detection.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A new double multiplication region method to design high sensitivity and wide spectrum SPADs in standard CMOS technologies.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Robust Pixel Design Methodologies for a Vertical Avalanche Photodiode (VAPD)-Based CMOS Image Sensor.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Subsurface fluorescence time-of-flight imaging using a large-format single-photon avalanche diode sensor for tumor depth assessment.Journal of biomedical optics · 2024Article
- Revisiting the Modeling of the Conversion Gain of CMOS Image Sensors with a New Stochastic Approach.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Modeling, Simulation Methods and Characterization of Photon Detection Probability in CMOS-SPAD.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Design and Characterization of an Asynchronous Fixed Priority Tree Arbiter for SPAD Array Readout.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- A Scaling Law for SPAD Pixel Miniaturization.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Fast Gating for Raman Spectroscopy.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Photon-Detection-Probability Simulation Method for CMOS Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Wide-field time-correlated single photon counting-based fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment · 2019Review
- Imaging Cherenkov photon emissions in radiotherapy with a Geiger-mode gated quanta image sensor.Optics letters · 2019Article
- Single-photon avalanche diode imagers in biophotonics: review and outlook.Light, science & applications · 2019Review
- Mutually Coupled Time-to-Digital Converters (TDCs) for Direct Time-of-Flight (dTOF) Image Sensors.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Photon Counting Imaging with an Electron-Bombarded Pixel Image Sensor.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Review
- A high speed multifocal multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscope for live-cell FRET imaging.Biomedical optics express · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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1 author.
Funding
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Abstract
This paper describes the basics of single-photon counting in complementary metal oxide semiconductors, through single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), and the making of miniaturized pixels with photon-counting capability based on SPADs. Some applications, which may take advantage of SPAD image sensors, are outlined, such as fluorescence-based microscopy, three-dimensional time-of-flight imaging and biomedical imaging, to name just a few. The paper focuses on architectures that are best suited to those applications and the trade-offs they generate. In this context, architectures are described that efficiently collect the output of single pixels when designed in large arrays. Off-chip readout circuit requirements are described for a variety of applications in physics, medicine and the life sciences. Owing to the dynamic nature of SPADs, designs featuring a large number of SPADs require careful analysis of the target application for an optimal use of silicon real estate and of limited readout bandwidth. The paper also describes the main trade-offs involved in architecting such chips and the solutions adopted with focus on scalability and miniaturization.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.