ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2014
Regulation of immune responses by extracellular vesicles.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,339 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1,339 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 2,210 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harnessing exosomes in dry eye disease: a triple threat approach.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- Tiny messengers, big impact: unlocking the power of extracellular vesicles in neonatal health and disease. a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Nanoscale therapeutics for erectile dysfunction: a meta-analysis of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles as natural nanoparticles in diabetic rat models.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Pooled it
- The efficacy of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles in the treatment of diabetic wounds: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Pooled it
- Serum extracellular vesicle RNA profiles in long COVID: insights from exercise-induced gene modulation.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms of engineered young plasma-derived exosomes in Alzheimer's disease.Bioactive materials · 2027Article
- Review
- Overlapping blood extracellular vesicle mRNA profiles in anxious and euthymic pregnant women who develop postpartum depression.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Osmotic Remodeling of Extracellular Vesicles for Precision Nanomedicine.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicles for Corneal Endothelial Repair.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Profiling extracellular vesicle glycoRNAs defines their function in vesicular communication.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles in targeted drug delivery: from biological functions to surface engineering.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Dendritic Cells in the Immunoregulation of Myocardial Infarction: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles for next-gen therapeutics and drug delivery.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- The theory of the inflammatory ecosystem.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Extracellular vesicles and epigenetic aging clocks in tissue aging: an exosome-focused conceptual framework with a focus on skin.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Review
- Vesicular Communication in the Bone-Muscle Unit: Physiological Functions, Aging, and Therapeutic Potential.Cells · 2026Review
- Stem Cell and Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Therapeutic Potential and Mechanistic Insights in Anti-Aging.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Integrated Multiomics Enabled by Sequential Extraction for Comprehensive Molecular Profiling of Small Extracellular Vesicles.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
1,279 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, are small membrane vesicles derived from multivesicular bodies or from the plasma membrane. Most, if not all, cell types release extracellular vesicles, which then enter the bodily fluids. These vesicles contain a subset of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids that are derived from the parent cell. It is thought that extracellular vesicles have important roles in intercellular communication, both locally and systemically, as they transfer their contents, including proteins, lipids and RNAs, between cells. Extracellular vesicles are involved in numerous physiological processes, and vesicles from both non-immune and immune cells have important roles in immune regulation. Moreover, extracellular vesicle-based therapeutics are being developed and clinically tested for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders and cancer. Given the tremendous therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles, this Review focuses on their role in modulating immune responses, as well as their potential therapeutic applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.