ArticleInfection and immunity2014
Diverse Toll-like receptors mediate cytokine production by Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in macrophages.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intratumoral microbiota in cancer immunotherapy: metabolic-epigenetic crosstalk and engineered bacterial therapeutics.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Quantitative assessment of specific bacterial taxa of the intestinal microbiota of healthy and diarrheic horses.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Intratumoral microbiota in cancer: molecular mechanism and therapeutic strategies.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Analysis of intratumoural bacteria: Opportunities and challenges for cancer therapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Characteristics of the Esophageal Microbiota in Patients with Achalasia.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Clinical Profile, Risk Factors, and Microbial Dysbiosis in Periodontitis: Findings from an Adult Cohort and Microbiome-Based Predictive Models.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Harnessing Microbiome-Mediated and Macrophage-Driven Mechanisms for Oral Wound Healing.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Periodontitis and MASLD: a narrative review of the direct oral-hepatic pathway.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Review
- Molecular mechanisms of bacteria-mediated cancer immunotherapy: from intratumoral microbiota to engineered therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The intratumoral microbiota in breast cancer: from basic research to clinical translation.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Intestinal reengineering: Scientific advances in intestinal transplantation.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2025Review
- Article
- Lipid accumulation inhibition strategies alleviate Fusobacterium nucleatum-infected colorectal cancer.Microbiome · 2025Article
- Review
- Distinct Gut Microbiota Profiles in Normal Weight Obesity and Their Association With Cardiometabolic Diseases: Results From Two Independent Cohort Studies.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- Emerging roles of intratumoral microbiota: a key to novel cancer therapies.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Intratumor microbiota and colorectal cancer: Comprehensive and lucid review.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2024Article
- IntratumoralPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Cell-Type-Specific ROS-AKT/mTOR-Autophagy Interplay-Should It Be Addressed in Periimplantitis?Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) orchestrate a repertoire of immune responses in macrophages against various pathogens. Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans are two important periodontal pathogens. In the present study, we investigated TLR signaling regulating cytokine production of macrophages in response to F. nucleatum and A. actinomycetemcomitans. TLR2 and TLR4 are redundant in the production of cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]) in F. nucleatum- and A. actinomycetemcomitans-infected macrophages. The production of cytokines by macrophages in response to F. nucleatum and A. actinomycetemcomitans infection was impaired in MyD88-deficient macrophages. Moreover, cytokine concentrations were lower in MyD88-deficient macrophages than in TLR2/TLR4 (TLR2/4) double-deficient cells. An endosomal TLR inhibitor, chloroquine, reduced cytokine production in TLR2/4-deficient macrophages in response to F. nucleatum and A. actinomycetemcomitans, and DNA from F. nucleatum or A. actinomycetemcomitans induced IL-6 production in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), which was abolished by chloroquine. Western blot analysis revealed that TLR2/4 and MyD88 were required for optimal activation of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in macrophages in response to F. nucleatum and A. actinomycetemcomitans, with different kinetics. An inhibitor assay showed that NF-κB and all MAPKs (p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK], and Jun N-terminal protein kinase [JNK]) mediate F. nucleatum-induced production of cytokines in macrophages, whereas NF-κB and p38, but not ERK and JNK, are involved in A. actinomycetemcomitans-mediated cytokine production. These findings suggest that multiple TLRs may participate in the cytokine production of macrophages against periodontal bacteria.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.